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South Asia Terrorism Portal

SOUTH ASIA INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
[SAIR]

Weekly Assessments & Briefings
Volume 21, No. 5, July 25, 2022
 
Data and assessments from SAIR can be freely published in any form with credit to the South Asia Intelligence Review of the South Asia Terrorism Portal.


ASSESSMENT

  • INDIA: Jammu and Kashmir: TRF: The Garb of 'Hybrid Terror'- Sanchita Bhattacharya
  • INDIA: Maharashtra: Gadchiroli: Enhancing Security - Deepak Kumar Nayak

 


INDIA

 

    Print

 

Jammu and Kashmir: TRF: The Garb of 'Hybrid Terror'
Sanchita Bhattacharya
Research
Fellow, Institute for Conflict Management

On July 12, 2022, a Police officer was killed and two Constables were injured when terrorists attacked a Police team at a checkpoint in the Lal Bazaar area of Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). The Resistance Front (TRF) claimed that its “Falcon Squad #TRF carried out a surprise attack” and warned, “Our next surprise attack will be more surprising.” Later, the Islamic State Hind Province also claimed responsibility for the attack. Such cross-claims have occurred in the past as well.

On March 30, 2022, two local terrorists of TRF were killed in an encounter with the Police and Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) in the Rainawari area of Srinagar. Inspector General of Police (IGP), Kashmir Range, Vijay Kumar, disclosed that both militants had been involved in several recent terrorist crimes, including civilian killings.

On March 16, three TRF terrorists were killed in an encounter in the Nowgam area of Srinagar. The slain cadres were identified as Adil Nabi Teli, Shakir Ahmad Tantray, and Yasir Ahmad Wagay. IGP Kumar noted that the trio had been involved in the killing of Sarpanch (head of Panchayat, village level local-self Government institution) Sameer Ahmed Bhat of Khonmoh on March 9, 2022. IGP Kumar added that the slain trio was planning to attack Security Forces (SFs).

On February 5, 2022, SFs killed two TRF militants during a gunfight in the Zakura area of Srinagar. One of the killed terrorists, Ikhlaq Hajam, was involved in killing of Head Constable Ali Mohammad at Hassanpora in Anantnag District on January 29, 2022.

According to partial data collated by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), since October 12, 2019, the date of the ‘inception’ of TRF, at least 44 TRF-linked fatalities have been recorded in J&K (data till July 24, 2022).  These include 10 civilians, four SF personnel and 30 TRF cadres.  44 TRF terrorists have been arrested during this period.

TRF announced its arrival via the encrypted chat platform Telegram on October 12, 2019, following a grenade attack at Srinagar's Hari Singh High Street, in which seven civilians were injured. In its first message, posted on Telegram, taking responsibility for the grenade attack TRF had stated,

Today's grenade attack is the inception of indigenous resistance of Kashmir to flush out the occupational Indian regime out of IOJK [Indian Occupied Jammu and Kashmir]. The attack was carried out by our cadres and in future such attacks will follow.

Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), under immense international pressure to act against terrorism, created several outfits, including the TRF, to give terrorism in J&K an 'indigenous' face, and to provide Pakistan's deep state an alibi. It is pertinent to recall here that several such efforts have been repeated over the past three decades by Rawalpindi. However, the lie has been exposed again and again.

As reported on May 8, 2020, IGP, Vijay Kumar had observed:

Almost every TRF terrorist, arrested or killed, has been listed in our records under the Lashkar-e-Taiba [LeT]… The idea is to show the world that what Kashmir has is local militancy.

Not surprisingly, in April 2020, the TRF came under the scanner of government agencies in India for its suspected links with LeT. An unnamed Enforcement Directorate (ED) official stated, “We have reason to believe that the outfit is a front for the LeT.”

Indeed, emulating earlier organisations like the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), TRF tried to employ a seemingly ‘secular’ discourse with the eye-wash of a ‘secular’ nomenclature in order to distance itself from the Islamist narrative of other Pakistan-based J&K/India oriented terrorist groups. The name TRF was an attempt to ‘secularize’ the idea of jihad and present the Kashmir insurgency as a political cause rather than a religious war, as was manifested in the names of groups such as the  LeT and the Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM).

In reality, however, this is just a farce. Indeed, as reported on October 13, 2021, in an audio recording broadcast by CNN-News18, an unnamed female TRF operative instructed girls to wear Abaaya, as it is Islamic outfit and only go out when necessary. She also warned girls not to wear skirts and jeans and not to go out alone and not be seen with men in public. TRF declared that if women did not fall in line with these commands, they would face the wrath of the group.

Further, in an audio message that was released on May 1, 2022, purportedly to wish listeners a happy Eid, TRF declared,

This is our land and we will go to any extent to protect it. There's still time, leave our land, or we will be forced to step up action against you… The purpose of picking up arms is not victory or defeat. We want to show the world that you can cut off a Muslim's head, but never force him to bow before tyrants. We will never become slaves to cruel rulers and non-believers.

Meanwhile, a June 4, 2022 report stated that new stratagems and tactics are being used by TRF and its ISI masters. Chits are being sent to the homes of potential killers, giving the address of a bus stand in Jammu, from where they are driven on a nondescript two-wheeler to a location where a handgun and a photograph is provided. The youth then returns to the Valley and kills the designated target, returning to his ‘normal’ life, thereafter. This is the characteristic pattern of recruiting ‘hybrid terrorists’: local youth with no criminal record. In such a situation, it has become very difficult for the security agencies to identify them.

Amidst the growing TRF threat, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) has taken up the investigation of two TRF-related cases.  In the first, initially registered in Jammu on June 27, 2021, and subsequently taken over by the NIA on July 19, 2021, investigations have so far revealed that “terrorist acts committed by Pakistan-based handlers of LeT and their associates based in J&K would be taken by the pseudo-acronym TRF so as to maintain plausible deniability and evade Law Enforcement Agencies.” In this case, the NIA has so far arrested two persons – Tawseef Ahmed Wani and Faiz Ahmed Khan, on October 10, 2021.

In the second case, that relates to activities of TRF and its self-styled 'commander' Sajjad Gul, who has been actively radicalising, motivating and recruiting youth of J&K to undertake violent activities in J&K and other parts of India, registered suo moto by NIA on November 18, 2021, the NIA has so far arrested four persons. Most recently, on June 22, 2022, NIA conducted searches at 11 locations in J&K in Srinagar, Kulgam, Pulwama and Ganderbal districts, and arrested Mudasir Ahmed Dar from Kulgam. He was arrested for providing logistical support and transporting arms and ammunition to TRF. He was closely associated with the TRF ‘commander’ responsible for the recent targeted killings across the Kashmir Valley, and was also involved in radicalisation and recruitment of impressionable youth at the behest of TRF. Further investigations in both the cases continue.

The ISI is evidently trying hard to ensure that the TRF emerge as a potent force. However, TRF’s future in terms of establishing itself as a prominent terrorist organisation in the Valley remains uncertain.


INDIA

 

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Maharashtra: Gadchiroli: Enhancing Security
Deepak Kumar Nayak

Research Associate, Institute for Conflict Management

On June 22, 2022, Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) cadres killed a disabled tribal, identified as Lucky Kumar Oksa (38), in Malampudur village under the Bhamragarh Taluka (administrative division) in Gadchiroli District. Kumar, a resident of Bhusewada village and a manager at a tendu (Diospyros Melonoxylon plant) leaves collection centre, was dragged out of his house in the night and taken to a nearby forest, where he was killed with a sharp weapon. Superintendent of Police (SP), Ankit Goyal later stated, “There is no clarity about the motive of the murder. This year, Maoists have killed several people without any motive for their action.”

On May 23, 2022, a local tribal, identified as Kulle Kowasi (42), was killed by Maoists near Doddur village under the Etapalli Taluka in Gadchiroli District. Kowasi was abducted and thrashed, before being killed. He had been trying to get a road to his village, opposing the Maoists’ diktat, according to the local tribals.

On May 16, 2022, armed CPI-Maoist cadres axed their former colleague Neema Mendhi to death at his village, Mendhri, in the Etapalli Taluka in Gadchiroli District. They claimed in a pamphlet that Mendhi was a ‘police informer’. Mendhi had surrendered a few years earlier.

These incidents are the latest among many, in which the Maoists have killed civilians to terrorize the wider population.

According to partial data collated by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), at least five civilians have been killed in Gadchiroli since the beginning of the current year (data till July 24, 2022). During the corresponding period of 2021, three civilians had been killed. A total of four civilians were killed through 2021. Since March 6, 2000, when SATP, started compiling data on Left Wing Extremism (LWE) in India, at least 187 civilians have been killed in the district. The first Maoist-linked incident of killing in this category in the district was recorded on March 10, 2000, when Naxalites (Left Wing Extremists) of the banned Peoples' War Group (PWG), had killed a farmer and blown up the house of a Range Forest Officer (RFO) in Sawargaon in Gadchiroli District. The RFO and his family were away from home at the time of the blast. A peak of 36 such killings was recorded in 2011, while a low of one civilian fatality was recorded twice, in 2002 and 2004.

In a positive change, no SF trooper has been killed in the current year, thus far, (data till July 24, 2022), as in 2021. However, three SF personnel were killed in 2020, and 15 in 2019 – the highest in a year since 2010, when there were 15 SF fatalities. A peak of 52 such fatalities was recorded in 2009. Also, no Maoist has been killed in the current year, as yet. However, a total of 49 Maoists were killed through 2021.  Significantly, in a major assault on November 13, 2021, at least 26 CPI-Maoist cadres including Maoist leader Milind Baburao Teltumbde aka Deepak Teltumbde aka Sahyadri aka Jeeva, a ‘central committee’ member and ‘secretary’ of the CPI-Maoist ‘Maharashtra State Committee,’ carrying a reward of INR five million on his head, were killed in an encounter with SFs in the dense forests of Mardintola in the Gyarapatti area of Korchi Tehsil (revenue unit) in Gadchiroli District.

Meanwhile, Maoists continue to hamper developmental works in the district and neighbouring areas. Most recently, on June 30, 2022, CPI-Maoist cadres set ablaze six vehicles at a road construction site near Visamundi village under Nargunda Police Assistance Centre in Gadchiroli District. The armed Maoists assaulted the labourers working there and stopped ongoing work. At least three such incidents have already been recorded in the district in the current year, in addition to another such incident in 2021. A total of 20 incidents of arson have been recorded in the district, since March 6, 2000.

Meanwhile, according to a June 10, 2022, report, the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) has deployed a contingent of over 70 armed personnel to provide counter-terrorist security cover to the manufacturing plant of leading steel maker Jindal Steel Works (JSW) at Dolvi village in Raigad district. A CISF spokesperson disclosed,

The proximity of the plant to the coastal area makes it prone to various threats, and in the light of this perception, security of JSW Dolvi is of utmost importance as this vital installation is contributing in the national economy.

Gadchiroli has, for long, served as ideal terrain for the Maoists to operate, as the task of locating and sanitizing Maoist hideouts is made difficult by the terrain. Of the district’s total area of 14,412 square kilometres, around 11,694 square kilometres, i.e., 78.40 per cent, falls under forest cover, making it difficult to penetrate. Further, its borders with four Districts – Bijapur, Kanker, Narayanpur, and Rajnandgaon in Chhattisgarh, the worst Naxal-affected Indian State, as well as two Maoist affected Districts – Adilabad and Karimnagar – of Telangana, makes it an ideal safe haven for the Maoists.

Not surprisingly, Gadchiroli finds place in the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (UMHA) list of  ‘25 Most Affected Districts’ from eight States across India released on June 19, 2021. Moreover, Gadchiroli, along with its neighbouring District, Gondia, is also included among the 70 Naxal-affected Districts in 10 States across India, to be covered under the Centre’s ‘Security Related Expenditure (SRE)’ scheme, which funds focused operations against the extremists.

Meanwhile, Maharashtra's Director General of Police (DGP) Rajnish Seth directed Police personnel engaged in anti-Naxal operations to be cautious during operations and stressed the need for greater use of technology. On April 13, 2022, DGP Seth stated,

The force should be on alert mode for 24 hours. Use of technology would help the police to minimise casualties in combat with Naxals. Similarly, it will also help to maintain upper hand on the ultras.

Moreover, according, to a May 22, 2022, report, Police have introduced a single-window facilitation service, 'Police Dadalora Khidki' (Police Brother's Window), at 50 Police posts located deep inside the district, which has a 76 per cent forest cover, to simplify the process for the tribal population to connect with the district administration to avail benefits of government schemes.

Further, according to a June 20, 2022, report, the State Government has doubled the Commando Allowance for the elite C-60 Commandos posted in Gadchiroli. An unnamed home department official said,

"It has been approved by the government to increase the Commando allowance from the current Rs [INR] 4,000 to Rs 8,000 for the C-60 commandos. However, there are certain conditions such as that only C-60 commandos posted in Gadchiroli will be entitled to the said allowance only for the period of their posting at Gadchiroli. Officers working in any other unit or squad will not be entitled to this allowance.

An unnamed Police officer talking about C-60 stated,

Due to the terror of Naxals, no government official or staff goes to remote and forested areas, where C-60 squads go and communicate with the people and find out their problems such as electricity, roads, lakes, borewells, health, schools, bus services and try to resolve the issues.

On the other hand, to keep themselves relevant among the youth, the CPI-Maoist extended support to youth protesting against the central government’s new defense recruitment scheme, Agnipath. In an appeal to tribes, Abhay, the ‘spokesperson’ of the CPI-Maoist, on June 20, 2022, dubbed the Agnipath scheme as a “fascist instrument” to suppress the people in the name of employment generation. He issued an appeal to intensify the ongoing stir against the Agnipath scheme.

The Maoists are certainly losing their sway in Gadchiroli, as in other parts of their erstwhile areas of dominance, but they continue to look for every possible opportunity for revival. Sustained efforts by the SFs are, consequently, necessary to consolidate cumulative gains and keep the insurgents at bay.   

Weekly Fatalities: Major Conflicts in South Asia 
July 18-24, 2022

 

Civilians

Security Force Personnel

Terrorists/Insurgents

NS

Total

AFGHANISTAN

5
0
6
22
33

INDIA

 

INDIA (Left-Wing Extremism)

 

Chhattisgarh

0
0
1
0
1

Jharkhand

0
0
1
0
1

India (Total)

0
0
2
0
2

PAKISTAN

 

Balochistan

1
2
0
0
3

KP

0
2
3
0
5

PAKISTAN (Total)

1
4
30
0
8

Total (South Asia)

6
4
11
22
43
Provisional data compiled from English language media sources.


AFGHANISTAN

700 Killed and 1,406 injured since Taliban takeover, says UNAMA report: The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) released a report on July 20 that documented human rights situations in Afghanistan over the 10 months since the Taliban group seized control of the country. The UNAMA report summarizes its findings with regards to the protection of civilians, extrajudicial killings, torture and ill-treatment, arbitrary arrests and detentions, the rights of women and girls in Afghanistan, fundamental freedoms and the situation in places of detention. Hasht E Subh News, July 22, 2022.

IEA has implemented Doha Agreement, says Deputy Spokesman: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA) deputy spokesman Bilal Karimi said that it has implemented all commitments based on the 2020 Doha agreement. Karimi further said that the government is committed to ensuring the rights all citizens including women and minorities, according to Sharia. "We want good relations with all countries, but we do not allow anyone who will dictate to us on the formations and structure of government," added Karimi. Tolo News, July 24, 2022.

Resistance forces have defeated Taliban fighters in Baghlan and Panjshir Provinces, says former Vice President Amrullah Saleh: On July 19, 2022, Former vice president, Amrullah Saleh, says that the Taliban have been defeated by resistance forces in Baghlan and Panjshir Provinces. Former vice-president Saleh posted on his Facebook page that the resistance forces have increased their activities and territory. Aamaj News, July 23, 2022.

BANGLADEH

Threat of militancy still exists, says IGP Benazir Ahmed: On July 24, Inspector General of Police (IGP) Benazir Ahmed said that there is still threat of militancy as it exists globally. "We turned around after Holey Artisan Café attack, but militant threats are still there as it exists globally," he said while speaking at a book launch programme titled "Extremism and Terrorism in the Eye of Islam". The Daily Star, July 25, 2022.

 
INDIA

118 civilians killed since August 2019 in Jammu & Kashmir, says Union Minister of State for Home Nityanand Rai: As many as 118 civilians, including five Kashmiri Pandits and 16 other Hindus and Sikhs, were killed in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) since the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, Union Minister of State for Home Nityanand Rai said on July 21. Minister Nityanand Rai also said in Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament) that 5,502 Kashmiri Pandits have been provided jobs in different departments of Government of J&K in the valley and no Kashmiri Pandit has reportedly migrated from the valley since August 2019. Kashmir Observer, July 22, 2022.

Indian ministers and BJP leaders are on ISKP 'hit list', says report: Union Ministers Giriraj Singh and Ashwini Kumar Choubey besides Bihar Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Chief Sanjay Jaiswal are among party leaders who are on the 'hit list' of a terrorist organisation, the Islamic State-Khorasan Province- ISKP, intelligence sources said. After an alert by the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (UMHA), the Bihar police headquarter has asked all districts to remain vigilant. New Indian Express, July 21, 2022.

'Hybrid militancy' a strategic move of Pakistan to 'shield' militants, says Jammu and Kashmir DGP Dilbag Singh: Jammu and Kashmir's Director General of Police (DGP) Dilbag Singh on July 22 said that 'hybrid militancy' is a strategic move by Pakistan to get the crime committed and to shield the criminal but so far, the neighbouring country has failed to provide cover to the militants involved in innocent killings. DGP Singh said that Hybrid militancy is a well-planned strategic move of Pakistan to promote a new sort of militancy where they want crime to be committed and criminal to go scot free. Daily Excelsior, July 23, 2022.

 
NEPAL

HoR endorses citizenship amendment bill: The meeting of House of Representatives (HoR), on July 22, endorsed the Citizenship Act, 2007 (First Amendment) Bill, 2022 through majority votes. The Amendment Bill was presented before the HoR for endorsement after Home Minister Bal Krishna Khand responded to the queries and concerns raised by lawmakers on various provisions contained in the amendment bill. My Republica, July 23, 2022.

PAKISTAN

Peshawar High Court asks Federal Government to explain position on talks with TTP: The Peshawar High Court on July 22 directed the Federal Government to respond to a petition seeking orders to stop it from making a deal with the terrorist outfit Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) without the consultation of parents of those killed in the 2014 Peshawar Army Public School attack. A bench consisting of Justice Lal Jan Khattak and Justice Fazal Subhan issued the order after preliminary hearing into the petition filed by mothers of four students and a woman teacher assassinated by the TTP militants in the APS attack on December 16, 2014. Dawn, July 23, 2022.

SRI LANKA

New interim cabinet of ministers sworn in: The new Cabinet of Ministers of the interim Government under President Ranil Wickremesinghe was sworn-in on July 22 at the Temple Trees. President Wickremesinghe has decided to continue with the same cabinet ministers of the previous government of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa.

Earlier, President-elect Ranil Wickremesinghe was sworn in as the 8th Executive President of Sri Lanka at the Parliament complex on July 21. Wickremesinghe took oath before the Chief Justice Jayantha Jayasuriya. Colombo Page, July 23, 2022; Colombo Page, July 22, 2022.

 
For assessments on other South Asian countries and for daily news updates on terrorism visit
South Asia Terrorism Portal 
 

The South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) is a weekly service that brings you regular data, assessments and news briefs on terrorism, insurgencies and sub-conventional warfare, on counter-terrorism responses and policies, as well as on related economic, political, and social issues, in the South Asian region.

SAIR is a project of the Institute for Conflict Management and the South Asia Terrorism Portal

 
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