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South Asia Terrorism Portal

SOUTH ASIA INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
[SAIR]

Weekly Assessments & Briefings
Volume 21, No. 25, December 12, 2022
 
Data and assessments from SAIR can be freely published in any form with credit to the South Asia Intelligence Review of the South Asia Terrorism Portal.


ASSESSMENT

  • PAKISTAN: Dera Ismail Khan: Reviving Terrorism - Tushar Ranjan Mohanty
  • AFGHANISTAN: Women flogged into silence - Sanchita Bhattacharya

 


PAKISTAN

 

    Print

 

Dera Ismail Khan: Reviving Terrorism
Tushar Ranjan Mohanty
Research Associate, Institute for Conflict Management

On December 6, 2022, three terrorists were killed and another was injured in an exchange of fire during an intelligence-based operation (IBO) by the Security Forces (SFs) in the Girah Mastan area of the Daraban tehsil (revenue unit) in the Dera Ismail Khan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP).

On December 6, 2022, one Policeman sustained injuries when unidentified terrorists opened fire on the vehicle of the Dera Ismail Khan District Police Officer (DPO), Muhammad Shoaib, who was on a visit to Daraban, Darazanda and Purwa Circles to check the security arrangements of the five-day polio campaign. Terrorists fired indiscriminately at DPO Shoaib's convoy near the Khoi Behara area. The DPO remained safe in the attack, but another officer in the vehicle was injured.

On November 15, 2022, four terrorists were killed by SFs during an IBO in the Kulachi tehsil (revenue unit) of Dera Ismail Khan District. A cache of arms and ammunition, including submachine guns and hand grenades, were recovered in the operation.

On October 30, 2022, a Policeman and a civilian were killed and four Policemen were injured, when terrorists attacked the Daraban Police check post in Dera Ismail Khan District.

On October 29, 2022, two Army soldiers were killed during an exchange of fire with terrorists in the Darazinda area of Dera Ismail Khan District.

According to partial data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), Dera Ismail Khan District has recorded at least 43 terrorism-related fatalities (20 terrorists, 19 SF personnel and four civilians) in 2022, thus far (data till December 11, 2022). During the corresponding period of 2021, the Province had registered nine terrorism-related fatalities (four terrorists, three civilians and two SF personnel). In the reaming period of 2021, another one fatality (a trooper) was recorded.

Militancy-related Fatalities in Dera Ismail Khan District: 2000*-2022**

Year

Incidents
Civilians
Security Forces
Militants
Not Specified (NS)
Total

2000

0
0
0
0
0
0

2001

4
5
1
0
0
0

2002

0
0
0
0
0
0

2003

2
2
1
0
0
3

2004

3
4
0
0
2
6

2005

1
2
0
0
0
2

2006

2
1
7
0
0
8

2007

13
40
13
5
5
63

2008

12
42
12
37
4
95

2009

25
68
5
6
14
93

2010

8
10
5
5
11
31

2011

7
1
13
6
0
20

2012

10
22
1
7
0
30

2013

3
14
12
9
0
35

2014

12
10
6
7
0
23

2015

9
8
7
11
0
26

2016

6
6
3
0
0
9

2017

7
4
5
6
0
15

2018

4
2
5
3
0
10

2019

12
10
14
6
0
30

2020

4
1
2
3
0
6

2021

7
3
3
4
0
10

2022

15
4
19
20
0
43

Total

166
259
134
135
36
564
*March 6, 2000; **December 11, 2022; Source: SATP

Dera Ismail Khan has accounted for a total of 564 fatalities [259 civilians, 135 terrorists, 134 SF personnel and 36 not-specified (NS)] since March 6, 2000, when SATP commenced compiling data on Pakistan. These fatalities have been recorded in a total of 166 incidents of killing. 52 of these 166 incidents were 'major’ (each involving three or more fatalities). These major incidents resulted in the death of 399 persons [189 civilians, 100 terrorists, 86 SF personnel and 24 not-specified (NS)].

The district has recorded a total of 288 violent incidents since March 6, 2000, including 103 incidents of explosion and 16 suicide attacks. Though no suicide attack has been reported since July 21, 2019, a major suicide attack was averted on October 25, 2022, when two suicide bombers were killed after an intense exchange of fire as they attempted to attack a peace committee chief, Noor Alam Mehsud, at Irfan Colony on the Dera Ismail Khan – Bannu Road in Dera Ismail Khan town. Police said the attackers, wearing explosive jackets, came on a motorcycle-rickshaw and tried to attack Mehsud’s office.

With a population of more than 1.62 million, Dera Ismail Khan has emerged as a terrorist hotbed in 2022 due to its strategic location, and escalating Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) activities. The district shares borders with South Waziristan, Tank and Lakki Marwat Districts of KP; Mianwali, Bhakkar and Dera Ghazi Khan Districts in Punjab, and the Zhob District of Balochistan. Two of these adjoining districts, South Waziristan and Zhob, share borders with Afghanistan. Dera Ismail Khan has served as a transit point for militants operating in each of these areas.

As a result of multiple operations by the Pakistan Army in the tribal areas, the district became relatively peaceful and overall fatalities came down to a low of six in 2020. However, with the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan on August 15, 2021, the District has again witnessed a surge in violence.

Overall fatalities in Dera Ismail Khan District in the current year, with 22 days still to go, are the highest in a year since 2009, at 93. Fatalities in Dera Ismail Khan peaked in 2008, at 95.

Worryingly, the number of fatalities recorded in the SF category (19) in the current year is highest ever in a year since 2000. The previous high of 14 in this category was recorded in 2019. Moreover, terrorist fatalities (20) in in 2022, are the highest in a year since 2008, when 37 terrorists were killed.

On October 21, 2022, Dera Ismail Khan DPO Najamul Husnain Liaqat claimed that the number of terrorists coming from Afghanistan had increased, creating a big challenge for the Police.

Moreover, the terrorists were crossing the border and attacking the Police with the “most advanced weapons”, which had been left behind by the United States’ soldiers when they fled Afghanistan. On October 31, 2022, two Policemen were shot from a long distance at a checkpost in the Daraban Tehsil of Dera Ismail Khan, using night vision rifles and thermal weapons. An unnamed senior security officer in KP confirmed the use of US weapons and thermal guns in the attack, claiming that such armaments had been employed by NATO forces and American soldiers in Afghanistan.

As ‘official’ talks between the TTP and the Government, which started in May 2022 and came to an end on November 28, 2022, have collapsed and TTP has commenced with an escalation of ‘revenge killings’, Dera Ismail khan District is likely to witness a further surge in violence, as are other areas where the TTP is active.

 


AFGHANISTAN

 

    Print

Women flogged into silence
Sanchita Bhattacharya

Research Fellow, Institute for Conflict Management

On December 8, 2022, the Taliban publicly flogged nine women and 18 men in a football stadium in Charikar city, the capital of Parwan Province, for the crimes, variously, of robbery, being in premarital relationships and running away from home. Each of them received between 29 and 35 lashes. Local Taliban officials and hundreds of spectators witnessed the scene.

On December 6, 2022, the primary court of Goshta District of Nangarhar Province gave orders to flog a woman, along with two men, on the suspicion of having premarital relationships. Later, Taliban fighters carried out the lashings in front of hundreds of onlookers.

On November 30, 2022, Taliban punished two women and three men by flogging in a field trial in Aybak city, the provincial capital of Samangan Province. In addition to the physical punishment of 50 lashes each, the Taliban insulted the women with invectives such as “prostitute” and “impure”. The women were arrested on charges of adultery and the men on charges of theft and adultery.

On November 24, 2022, Taliban fighters in Takhar Province whipped a woman and a man accused of talking on the phone and allegedly having premarital relations. The two victims were publicly tried in the Darqad District of Takhar Province. The man and woman were given 30 lashes each.

On November 23, 2022, Taliban whipped 12 persons, including three women, in Logar Province, on charges of adultery. Based on the appeals court’s order, the trial took place at the provincial sports stadium and each one of the individuals were given between 21 and 39 lashes for adultery and theft, respectively. Attendees were invited via social media, but were requested not to film the event.

On November 11, 2022, in Taloqan, the provincial capital of Takhar, Taliban publicly lashed nine women and 10 men accused of adultery and ‘trying to flee’. They were each lashed 39 times.

These incidents are not in isolation. Inputs indicate that such incidents have been on a continuous rise since the return of Taliban in Kabul on August 15, 2021.

More dangerously, these barbaric practices are justified by the Taliban regime under Sharia law.

Indeed, Afghanistan’s supreme leader, Haibatullah Akhundzada ordered judges to fully enforce aspects of Sharia that include public executions, stoning, flogging and the amputation of limbs, the Taliban’s chief spokesperson, Zabihullah Mujahid disclosed. On November 13, Mujahid tweeted that the “obligatory” command by Akhundzada came after he met with a group of judges. “Carefully examine the files of thieves, kidnappers and seditionists,” Mujahid quoted Akhundzada as saying. “Those files in which all the Sharia [Islamic law] conditions of hudud and qisas have been fulfilled, you are obliged to implement. This is the ruling of Sharia, and my command, which is obligatory.”

Hudud refers to offences for which, under Islamic law, certain types of punishment are instructed, while qisas translates as “retaliation in kind”, effectively an eye for an eye. Hudud crimes include, inter alia, adultery, and falsely accusing someone of it, drinking alcohol, theft, kidnapping and highway robbery, apostasy and rebellion. Qisas covers murder and deliberate injury, among other things, but also allows for the families of victims to accept compensation from the perpetrator, in place of punishment.

The suppression and abuse of women and girls is, unfortunately, nothing new in Afghanistan under the Taliban. In the late 1990s, the use of football grounds to carry out public executions, stoning and beating was one of the crucial features of the Taliban’s brutal rule. They believed thata such horrifying public spectacles would discourage dissent.

Despite mounting evidence of the restoration of a regressive and barbaric order, some ‘experts’ continue to argue that ‘Taliban 2.0’ would be different, and would not try to alter the hard-won rights of Afghan girls. As expected, and true to its nature, however, the Taliban is doing everything possible to cage women again.  Sadly, this time around, the Taliban is acting with greater impunity with the regime devising strategies to systematically exclude women from every possible public sphere in Afghanistan

For instance, on May 7, 2022, the Taliban announced the 'hijab decree', under which it is "required for all 'respectable' Afghan women to wear a hijab", or headscarf. The Vice and Virtue Ministry, in a statement, identified the chadori (the blue-coloured Afghan burqa or full-body veil) as the "best hijab" of choice. Also acceptable as a hijab, the statement declared, is a long black veil covering a woman from head to toe. Punishment for the failure to comply was also indicated:

If a woman is caught without a hijab, her mahram (male guardian) will be warned. The second time, the guardian will be summoned [by Taliban officials], and after repeated summons, her guardian will be imprisoned for three days.

Further, male guardians found guilty of repeated offences "will be sent to the court for further punishment.

As reported on November 10, 2022, the Taliban prevented females from entering amusement parks in Kabul city. According to the Ministry of Vice and Virtue’s verbal order, “women are prohibited from entering the park.”

On November 24, 2022, causing further damage to the well-being of the female Afghan population, Taliban’s Vice and Virtue Department issued a new order in nine districts of Nangarhar Province, indicating that women cannot visit health clinics, or have a doctor examine them, without a male companion. Local sources in Nangarhar confirmed that this order was announced to the residents of Achin, Ghanikhel, Nazian, Durbaba, Goshta, Kama, Khogyani, Shirzad and Surkhroud Districts. Residents and the imams (religious leaders) of the mosques have received the order, and must ‘seriously convey and implement’ the order, and inform the people in congregational prayers.

Further on November 26, 2022, the Taliban’s Vice and Virtue Department ordered the closing of shops of female tailors in Parwan Province, calling women’s tailoring “haram”. Earlier on November 23, Taliban entered women’s tailor shops in different parts of Charikar city, the capital of the province.

Indeed, explaining the distressing situation of young girls in Afghanistan under the Taliban regime, Save the Children, reported on December 5, 2022,

…Instead of spending their days reading, writing and learning, hundreds of thousands of girls now spend their days working on farms or in other people's homes, weaving carpets, looking after their younger siblings or the family's livestock, collecting drinking water or cooking bread. They've been transformed from students into child labourers against their will…

Meanwhile, the objections of various international organisations and foreign governments have proven to be nothing more than 'token' acts of condemnation and criticism. Three recent instances include:

  • November 28: The German Embassy for Afghanistan called public flogging by Taliban a "heinous violation of human dignity". The German Embassy for Afghanistan tweeted: "Taliban is also obliged to comply with international law and the Organization's Convention against Torture." Several international organizations have condemned whipping and torture in public and have asked the Taliban to stop such inhuman acts immediately. Such declaration have had no impact.
  • November 25: Amnesty International stated that the rights of Afghan women and girls were been violated under the Taliban rule over the last 15 months: "We must remember that the rights of women and girls in Afghanistan have been continually violated by the Taliban for 15 months now." The group asked the Taliban to stop suppressing Afghan women and girls.
  • November 25: the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) called on the Taliban leadership to end violence against women and the "broader deterioration of women's rights" in an effort to establish a sustainable peace in the country.

Indicating the change in ground realities and to UNAMA's November 25, criticism, the Taliban 'fired back', as its spokesperson tweeted, on November 26, 2022,

…Countries and organizations should not allow people to make irresponsible and provocative statements on their behalf about the blessed religion of Islam.

Women in Afghanistan, are tortured, beaten up, whipped, excluded from public spaces, refused education and employment, and oppressed in every sphere of life. Such acts are justified under the pretext of religion to preserve the honour of family and tribe. The day is not far when Afghan women will be dragged deep into the darkness of relentless suffering by the fanatical Taliban regime.

Weekly Fatalities: Major Conflicts in South Asia 
December 5-11, 2022

 

Civilians

Security Force Personnel

Terrorists/Insurgents

NS

Total

AFGHANISTAN

15
0
4
0
19

BANGLADESH

 

Leftist

0
0
1
0
1

INDIA

 

Odisha

0
0
2
0
2

India (Total)

0
0
2
0
2

PAKISTAN

 

Balochistan

2
6
0
0
8

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2
3
12
0
17

PAKISTAN (Total)

4
9
12
0
25

Total (South Asia)

19
9
18
0
46
Provisional data compiled from English language media sources.


AFGHANISTAN

A man is killed in first public execution orchestrated by Taliban in Farah Province: Taliban in Afghanistan have executed a murder convict, identified as Tajmir, in an unspecified location of Farah province, in the first public execution since the Taliban group returned to power. The execution, carried out with an assault rifle by the victim's father, took place in western Farah province before hundreds of spectators and more than a dozen senior Taliban officials, according to Zabihullah Mujahid, the top Taliban government spokesman. Aljazeera, December 7, 2022.

Talibanization' of Afghanistan completed with resumption of public executions, says French Ambassador to Afghanistan David Martinon: The French Ambassador to Afghanistan, Ambassador David Martinon, who continues to serve in that capacity remotely, said that the 'Talibanization' of Afghanistan was completed with the resumption of public executions by the Taliban. Martinon, in a statement on Twitter said that since the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan he has repeatedly warned that the Talibanization of the country was underway. Hasht-e Subh Daily, December 9, 2022.

Women's rights are key to the stability of Afghanistan, says US Ambassador to Afghanistan Thomas West: United States (US) envoy to Afghanistan Thomas West stated to a delegation of the senior Afghan interim government officials in a meeting in the UAE that bringing stability and prosperity relies on respecting women's rights. "West took the opportunity to meet with the Taliban representative in the UAE to engage on the issues of paramount importance to the United States and the international community. The Khaama Press, December 8, 2022.

IOC gives Afghanistan ultimatum for 2024 Olympi: The International Olympic Committee (IOC) warned that women and girls in Afghanistan must have safe access to sport if the country is to be represented at the 2024 Paris Games. The IOC Executive Board said it had "serious concern and strongly condemned" restrictions imposed by the Afghan authorities on women and young girls in Afghanistan, which prevented them from practicing sport in the country. Boorowa News, December 7, 2022.

 
 
INDIA

Militant incidents in J&K have declined from 417 in 2018 to 229 in 2021, says government: On December 7, Union Minister of State (MoS) for Home Affairs Nityanand Rai stated in the Rajya Sabha (Lower House of Parliament) that the security situation in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) has significantly improved, adding that "there has been a significant decline in militant incidents from 417 in 2018 to 229 in 2021". He also stated that 180 terrorists were killed in J&K during encounters with Security Forces in 2022. ANI, December 9, 2022.

Around 1,000 UDLA-B and BRAU militants to surrender in Assam: Around 1000 Bru (Reang) militants belonging to United Democratic Liberation Army-Barak (UDLA-B) and Bru Revolutionary Army Union (BRAU) based in Hailakandi District of South Assam are likely to lay down arms and join the mainstream on December 12, at an official ceremony in Katlicherra block of Hailakandi District in Assam. Assam Tribune, December 8, 2022.

E-Wallets emerge as latest tool for terror financing in India, says report: E-wallets have emerged as the latest tool for terror financing in India (Coimbatore blast case), with intelligence and investigative agencies establishing links to several cases in the past few months. Sources said in various terror cases, agencies have found that the accused received money through several wallets in small amounts FirstPost, December 5, 2022.

MALDIVES

Maafushi Prison operation comes to an end: Security Forces have concluded their terrorism and scam-related operation at K. Maafushi Prison in the capital city of Male on December 7. It has been reported that phones, SIM cards, and substances believed to be drugs were recovered during the operation. The operation was launched following an alert that prohibited items were being smuggled into the prison leading to acts of terrorism and scams. Avas, December 9, 2022.

NEPAL

Janamat Party joins ruling coalition to form new government in Nepal: Janamat Party headed by C. K. Raut on December 8 decided to join the ruling coalition party in order to form government on December 8. A central leader of Janamat party said, "Taking the ruling coalition's request to support the government positively, the party decided to join the government led by the coalition". Khabar Hub, December 9, 2022.

PAKISTAN

42 Baloch persons killed, 35 another disappeared in Balochistan in November 2022; says HRCB report: The Human Rights Council of Balochistan (HRCB) on December 7 released its report for November 2022 which said 42 Baloch persons killed and 35 others disappeared in Balochistan during the month of November. The report reads: Human Rights Council of Balochistan has received reports of the enforced disappearance of at least thirty-five people during the month of November 2022. The Balochistan Post, December 8, 2022.

Commission of Inquiry on Enforced Disappearances confirms presence of around 1,500 people under detention: The Commission of Inquiry on Enforced Disappearances (COIED) in a progress report submitted to the Supreme Court (SC) said on December 8 that 81 missing people returned to their homes in November while over 240 of them have been found dead so far. The report said that the commission received 9,133 complaints from different parts of the country of individuals going missing. Samaa, December 9, 2022.

Peace talks 'emboldened' TTP militants in Swat, NACTA tells Senate committee: The National Counter-Terrorism Authority (NACTA) on December 8 said that the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) had "gained considerable ground" and "increased its footprint and magnitude of activities" in Pakistan during the peace talks process. NACTA made these revelations in a document presented to the participants of a meeting of the Senate Standing Committee on Interior. Dawn, December 9, 2022.

 

The South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) is a weekly service that brings you regular data, assessments and news briefs on terrorism, insurgencies and sub-conventional warfare, on counter-terrorism responses and policies, as well as on related economic, political, and social issues, in the South Asian region.

SAIR is a project of the Institute for Conflict Management and the South Asia Terrorism Portal

 
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