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South Asia Terrorism Portal

SOUTH ASIA INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
[SAIR]

Weekly Assessments & Briefings
Volume 19, No.28, January 4, 2021 
 
Data and assessments from SAIR can be freely published in any form with credit to the South Asia Intelligence Review of the South Asia Terrorism Portal.

ASSESSMENT

  • NEPAL: Politically Volatile - S. Binodkumar Singh
  • INDIA: Chhattisgarh: Red Erosion - Indrajit Sharma


NEPAL

 

    Print

NEPAL: Politically Volatile
S. Binodkumar Singh
Research
Associate, Institute for Conflict Management

 

Almost 31 months after the merger, the ruling Nepal Communist Party (NCP) suffered a vertical split on December 22, 2020, with the rival factions of the party led by the two Co-Chairmen claiming their faction to be the authentic NCP in two separate Central Committee meetings held in the capital, Kathmandu. The faction led by Co-chair Pushpa Kamal Dahal removed K.P. Sharma Oli from the post of party Co-chair and unanimously nominated senior party leader Madhav Kumar Nepal as the new party Co-chair. On the other hand, Oli told his faction leaders that his faction was the authentic NCP and Dahal faction had no authority to call party meetings.

In a historic development, on May 17, 2018, two major national Left political parties – the Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist (CPN-UML) led by Oli and the Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist Centre (CPN-Maoist Centre) led by Dahal – at a joint meeting held at Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli’s residence in Baluwatar, Kathmandu, had announced their merger and the formation of the NCP. Prior to that, on February 19, 2018, CPN-UML and CPN-Maoist Centre signed a seven-point agreement on the modalities of unification. However, the division of responsibilities between Oli and Dahal remained an issue of contention since then. The internal rift within the NCP, however, reached a climax after Prime Minister Oli unilaterally decided, on April 20, 2020, to introduce an ordinance to bring amendments in the existing provisions in the Political Party Act that, according to observers, made it easy to split the party. The party did come to the verge of split, but several efforts of rapprochement delayed the inevitable. Expectedly, however, the inevitable eventually came to pass. 

On December 20, 2020, just two days before the official split, President Bidya Devi Bhandari dissolved the House of Representatives (HoR) endorsing the Oli Government’s recommendation for the dissolution of the HoR. The President also approved the Cabinet’s recommendation for holding general elections on April 30 and May 10, 2021.

Unsurprisingly, on December 21, 2020, 12 writ petitions were filed in the Supreme Court challenging the dissolution of the HoR. Separately, three lawyers filed a writ petition in the Supreme Court on December 28, 2020, demanding that the reshuffle of the Oli Cabinet be scrapped, because Oli had been reduced to a caretaker Prime Minister by the dissolution of the HoR. Another writ petition was filed on December 29, 2020, demanding a court order to bar the newly-appointed Ministers from carrying out their day-to-day responsibilities. Significantly, on December 25, Oli appointed eight new Cabinet Ministers and one Minister of State, following the resignation of seven Ministers said to be close to the NCP chair, Dahal, and senior leader Madhav Kumar Nepal, on December 20. These Ministers had resigned in condemnation of Prime Minister Oli’s move dissolve the HoR.

Moreover, political parties are out on the streets, protesting against the move. Rival factions of NCP, close to Dahal and Nepal, organized a ‘whistle rally’ in Kathmandu city on December 27. Marching along the Maitighar-Babarmahal Road section, the protesters blew whistles demanding reinstatement of the lower House. On December 28, 2020, the main opposition party, the Nepali Congress (NC), organised demonstrations in all 165 electoral constituencies across the country in protest against the dissolution of the HoR. Separately, on December 27, 2020, the Janata Samajbadi Party staged a mass demonstration in Kathmandu city. Further, thousands of students close to Dahal and Nepal marched through the streets of Kathmandu on December 29, 2020, urging Oli to reverse his decision. Police officials overseeing security disclosed that at least 10,000 people were on the streets to participate in this march, one of the most intense protests the country has witnessed since Oli dissolved Parliament.

Thus while 2020 was indeed a story of instability in Nepal, the political volatility did not have an adverse impact on the overall security situation in the country.

According to partial data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), the country recorded just one insurgency linked fatality (a civilian) in 2020 as against 13 fatalities recorded in 2019 (three civilians, two Security Force personnel, and eight extremists). Violence had peaked in 2019 after a lull of almost six years between 2013 and 2018, during which Nepal recorded just two fatalities (both civilians, in 2013). All the 13 fatalities in 2019 were linked to the Netra Bikram Chand aka Biblab-led Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (CPN-Maoist-Chand). The lone 2020 fatality was also linked to this outfit. CPN-Maoist-Chand was formed on December 1, 2014, after splitting from the Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) headed by Mohan Baidya.

Indeed, SFs have succeeded in substantially countering the threat from this group. Eight CPN-Maoist-Chand cadres have been killed since its formation, while another 378, including 90 in 2020, have been arrested. Prominent CPN-Maoist-Chand leaders arrested include ‘treasurer’ Arjun Katwal (arrested on February 4, 2020), ‘provincial leader’ Indal Prasad Sah (February 12, 2020), ‘politburo member’ Anil Sharma aka Birahi (May 5, 2020), ‘central member’ Om Prakash Pun (July 15, 2020), ‘chairman of Finance Department’ Prem Darnal (November 20, 2020) and ‘Lamjung District in-charge’ Jang Bahadur Bhandari aka Akrosh (November 23, 2020).

There are, however, apprehensions that the deepening political instability in the country may provide the Chand group an opportunity to widen its reach. Expressing serious concern over the dissolution of the HoR, on December 29, 2020, CPN-Maoist-Chand announced that it would forge a common strategic front with three other fringe left parties – the Nepal Communist Party-led by Rishi Ram Kattel, the Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)-led by Mohan Baidya and the Scientific Socialist Communist Party-led by Aahuti. Issuing a joint statement, the four fringe leftist parties said that this was their attempt to fight back the ‘counter-revolutionary’ measures adopted by Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli. They announced their intention to publicize the concept, structure and forward-looking programs of the Front at the earliest possible date.

The deepening political crisis has once again provided an opportunity to China to meddle in Nepal’s internal affairs. From the beginning of this evolving crisis, the Chinese Ambassador to Nepal, Hou Yanqi, has openly engaged with leaders cutting across party lines. More recently, on December 27, Beijing dispatched Guo Yezhou, a Vice Minister of the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party, to Kathmandu as the head of a four-member team. Guo’s team held talks with Nepali President Bidya Devi Bhandari, Prime Minister Oli, and NCP leaders Dahal and Nepal. According to Dahal’s secretariat, in addition to the current situation in Nepal, the visiting Chinese team discussed the possibility of reuniting the NCP. Guo played a major role in bringing together the Oli-led CPN-UML and the Dahal-led CPN-Maoist Centre in 2018 to form the NCP. Guo also negotiated with the leaders of Nepal’s two main communist parties to get them to contest the 2017 election on a common plank.

Moreover, the deepening political crisis is being exploited by China to make further territorial inroads in Nepal.  In August, the Humla District authorities reported a Chinese incursion near the Limi-Lepcha area of the Namkha Village Municipality. Protests erupted across the country. On September 22, the Government refuted the reports, but local residents of the area, including their elected representatives – Chhakka Bahadur Lama from ruling Nepal Communist Party, Rangmati Shahi and Jeevan Bahadur Shahi of the Nepali Congress, and representatives of local bodies – rejected the Government’s stance. The issue came into limelight again in October, when a Nepali Congress lawmaker of Karnali Province, Jeevan Bahadur Shahi, after returning from an 11-day visit to the Nepal-China border in Humla District, accused China of encroaching on Nepal’s territory in the District. The Government has not responded and there is widespread resentment again the Government’s stance. 

Meanwhile, urging the Government to undertake immediate steps to reinvigorate the Transitional Justice process, in a joint statement on August 30, 2020, the Accountability Watch Committee, Advocacy Forum-Nepal, Amnesty International-Nepal and Conflict Victims' Common Platform (CVCP) observed,

Although the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 21 November 2006 between the government and the Communist Party of Nepal (CPN-Maoist), which formally ended the armed conflict, promised to make the fate or the whereabouts of the disappeared public within 60 days, thousands of families have been denied the right to the truth about these cases for the last 14 years. This has led to wider denial of accountability, access to justice and effective remedy and reparation.

On January 27, 2020, unconvinced by the Government's approach to the Transitional Justice process, the conflict victims threatened to invite the international community, including the United Nations, to intervene in the 'botched' justice process. Bhagiram Chaudhary, Chairperson of the Conflict Victims' Common Platform (CVCP), an umbrella body of 13 organizations advocating justice for war-era victims, noted,

By ignoring our plea to revise the TJ [Transitional Justice] law before appointing commissioners in the two commissions, the government has repeated the same old mistake. So, we will continue our protest against the botched TJ process. We will ask the United Nations and other countries that are committed to human rights to intervene in the TJ process if the government continues to undermine our voices.

Significantly, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) has barely completed preliminary investigations into some 2,800 among the 63,000 cases filed, and is yet to complete a detailed probe into a single case. The Commission of Investigation on Enforced Disappeared Persons (CIEDP), which received some 3,000 complaints, has completed preliminary investigation into just about 500, but has also failed to launch a single detailed investigation.

The TRC and the CIEDP were constituted on February 10, 2015, to probe instances of serious violations of human rights and to determine the status of those who disappeared during the course of the armed conflict between the State and the then Communist Party of Nepal–Maoist (CPN-Maoist), between February 13, 1996, and November 21, 2006, the day of the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement 2006 .

With rising political instability in the country, there is a lurking danger of escalation of violence by opportunistic formations such as the Chand group.

 

INDIA

 

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Chhattisgarh: Red Erosion
Indrajit Sharma
Research Associate, Institute for Conflict Management

On December 29, 2020, Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) cadres killed a civilian near Tumdikasa village under Manpur Police Station limits in Rajnandgaon District. The Maoists left a pamphlet near his body, which accused the victim of being a ‘Police informer’.

On December 28, 2020, two women Maoists carrying a cumulative cash reward of INR 700,000 on their heads, were killed in an exchange of fire with the Security Forces (SFs) in a forest between Kalepal and Kakari villages under Kuakonda Police Station limits in Dantewada District. The slain Maoists were identified as Ayte Mandavi, the Maoists’ Malangir Area Committee’ member and ‘military intelligence head’ of the area, who carried a reward of INR 500,000 on her head; and Vijje Markam, a ‘military intelligence member’ in the ‘Malangir Area Committee’ who carried a reward of INR 200,000 on her head. A pistol and a muzzle-loading rifle were recovered from the encounter site.

On December 16, 2020, an unidentified Maoist was killed in an exchange of fire with the SFs in a forest near Miliampalli-Rajpenta villages under Jagargunda Police Station limits in Sukma District. The incident occurred when a joint team of SFs was out on an anti-Naxal [Left Wing Extremist] operation. SFs recovered a locally fabricated UBGL (under-barrel grenade launcher) and two muzzle-loading rifles from the encounter spot.

According to partial data collated by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), Chhattisgarh recorded at least 70 incidents of killing, resulting in 135 fatalities (28 civilians, 37 SF personnel, and 70 Maoists), in Left Wing Extremism (LWE)-linked violence in 2020. In 2019, 72 incidents of killing, resulting in 122 fatalities (30 civilians, 19 SF personnel and 73 Maoists) were recorded. The data thus reflected a marginal spike of 10.65 per cent in overall fatalities in LWE-linked violence in the State.

Alarmingly, fatalities in the SF category, almost doubled from 19 in 2019 to 37 in 2020. The surge is particularly worrying, as fatalities in this category in 2019 were the lowest recorded since 2012, at 30.

Moreover, while the SF : Maoist kill ratio remained in favor of the SFs, it deteriorated in comparison to 2019. In 2019, the ratio was 1:3.84, the best recorded in a year since 2000 [SATP started compiling data on LWE violence from March 6, 2000]. The ratio fell considerably to 1:1.89 in 2020. The overall kill ratio since March 6, 2000, is in favor of SFs, at 1:1.15.

Meanwhile, at least 99 Maoists were arrested in 2020, in addition to 134 such arrests in 2019. 238 Maoists surrendered in 2020, in addition to 231 such surrenders in 2019.

Civilian fatalities remained nearly the same, 28 in 2020 as against 30 in 2019. Fatalities in this category have declined continuously since 2018, when there were 59. 

Chhattisgarh has a total of 28 Districts and fatalities were reported from eight of these in 2020: Sukma (62); Bijapur (40); Dantewada (11); Kanker (six); Rajnandgaon (six); Narayanpur (five); Bastar (three); and Dhamtari (two). Six of these eight Districts (barring Rajnandgaon and Dhamtari) fall in the Bastar Division. 

In 2019, fatalities were reported from nine Districts: Sukma (33); Dantewada (23); Bijapur (20); Kanker (15); Bastar (nine); Rajnandgaon (eight); Narayanpur (seven); Dhamtari (six); and Kabirdham (one).  Six of these nine Districts (barring Rajnandgaon, Dhamtari and Kabirdham) fall in Bastar Division. 

Indeed, violence has been substantially confined to a few pockets of the Bastar Division, which spans over 40,000 square kilometers, and comprises of seven Districts – Bastar, Bijapur, Dantewada, Kanker, Kondagaon, Narayanpur, and Sukma.

On December 15, 2020, the Chhattisgarh Legislative Affairs Minister, Ravindra Choubey, in a press conference, claimed that the Naxal (LWE) activities had been confined to a few pockets of Bastar Division, and that the State would soon rid itself of the menace:

Now, Naxal activities have been confined to a corner in Narayanpur and Bijapur Districts and Konta (located in the extreme south of Sukma District). The three districts are located in Bastar region of the State. The State Government has been working at every level for development, employment generation and to bring back youth to the mainstream (in Naxal-affected areas).

According to reports, some CPI-Maoist 'Central Committee (CC)' members remain active in the forested areas of Sukma and Bijapur. They are protected by an entity called the 'Central Regional Command (CRC)'. CRC's 'Battalion 1' is led by Maoist leader Madvi Hidma who, according to unconfirmed reports, has been promoted to the 'CC'.

To confront this residual threat, five additional battalions of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) are being deployed in the region. 35 CRPF batalions, including five Commando Battalions for Resolute Action battalions, were deployed earlier. A total of around 60,000 personnel of the State Police and Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) were deployed in the seven Districts of Bastar Division. This included, around 300 'Danteshwari Warriors' (women commandos, comprising local women, surrendered Naxals, and Naxal-affected women), whose deployment in the Bastar Division has not only increased the number of successful operations and surrenders, but also improved Policing and intelligence in the area. The additional deployment is intended to bring around 1,500 square kilometres of the Maoist-stronghold territory under increased scrutiny, by setting up new SF camps at short distances. An unnamed senior Police officer thus stated,

According to our information, three or four members of the CPI-Maoist's CC are under round-the-clock protection of the CRC, which consists of more than 100 armed Naxalites. The main objective is to deploy CRPF camps in the Sukma-Bijapur forest areas is to tighten the noose around the armed CRC contingent holed up in the area. Two of the CRPF battalions have already arrived here, and are undergoing induction course. Deployment process will start once induction training is over.

Dantewada Superintendent of Police (SP), Abhishek Pallava added,

The new deployments of CRPF will smoke out the Maoists' 'battalion 1' led by their most wanted leader Hidma, or send them on the run. It will cut their service lines and curtail their movements as well.

It remains to be seen whether the decision to establish new CRPF camps can be exploited by the Maoists to incite opposition from the locals.

Significantly, an October 1, 2020, report indicated that the Chhattisgarh Government's plan to open eight new Police camps by the end of 2020 to strengthen its hold in the Maoist affected areas in Dantewada, Kondagaon, Bijapur and Sukma Districts, faced resistance from local villagers. The camps were part of the 15 Police camps that the Government had planned to set up in 2020. The first seven of these were established before the COVID-19 outbreak. Commenting on the local resistance, Bastar's Inspector-General of Police (IGP), Sundarraj P. observed,

There is great deal of enthusiasm among the villagers for the police camp. However, some people are symbolically protesting under pressure from the Naxalites. It will come to an end after the opening of the camps as security forces keep an eye on all Naxalite activities. The extent of Naxalite pressure on the villagers can be gauged from the fact that the propaganda related to the so-called protest is being spread through Maoist leaflets themselves. Naxalites want to take advantage of their terror among the villagers.

More recently on December 23, 2020, local residents of as many as 103 villages in Kanker District launched an indefinite strike at Koyalibeda in the Pakhanjur Nagar Panchayat (village level local self-Government institution) in the District against the establishment of two new Border Security Force (BSF) camps in the Maoist-affected area, alleging that the BSF camps were built on sacred ancient tribal land — locally called ‘Devasthals’. The two camps were set up on the banks of the Mendaki River in the Tumaraghat and Karkaghat areas of Koyalibeda. The villagers demanded that Police and the local administration pull down the two camps and restore their holy sites.

While the strengthening of the security footprint is a pre-requisite for accelerating pending developmental works, such as the construction of roads and bridges in LWE-affected areas, this has to be balanced with the larger interests of all stakeholders, particularly including the local population, as any misadventure would only validate Maoist propaganda.

Significantly, a report of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs, on the Demands for Grants of the Ministry of Home Affairs placed in Parliament on December 21, 2020, stated that road construction in LWE-affected areas in Chhattisgarh had been ‘abysymally slow’. The Panel report revealed that out of 2,479 kilometers of sanctioned roads, under Road Connectivity Project in Left Wing Extremism Affected Areas (approved in December 2016), only 319 kilometers has been completed in Chhattisgarh till now. This is further slowing down the inclusion and development processes of these areas and negatively affecting the capability of the CAPFs and State Police in tackling the menace.

The Maoists in Chhattisgarh are determined to retain their strongholds in the State. Despite suffering losses, they continue to demonstrate significant fighting capabilities. The March 21, 2020, attack in which Maoists ambushed an SF group, killing 17 of them and injuring another 15, in a forested area of Elmaguda close to Kasalpad and Minpa villages in the Chintagufa area in Sukma District, is an example of the rebels’ surviving capabilities. SFs need to sustain their focus and exercise extreme caution to thwart Maoist efforts to regain and expand their bases, particularly in erstwhile stronghold areas.

NEWS BRIEFS
 

Weekly Fatalities: Major Conflicts in South Asia 
December 28, 2020 - January 3, 2021

 

Civilians

Security Force Personnel

Terrorists/Insurgents

NS

Total

AFGHANISTAN

4
6
163
6
179

INDIA

 

Jammu and Kashmir

1
2
3
0
6

INDIA (Left-Wing Extremism)

 

Chhattisgarh

1
0
2
0
3

Jharkhand

2
0
2
0
4

INDIA (Total)

4
2
7
0
13

PAKISTAN

 

Balochistan

11
0
0
0
11

PAKISTAN (Total)

11
0
0
0
11
Provisional data compiled from English language media sources.


AFGHANISTAN

Militant groups behind illegal drug trade: Abdul Sami Popalzai, head of the counter-narcotics department of the Ministry of Interior (MoI) said that the militant groups such as Taliban, al Qaeda and Daesh "are the main backers of drug trafficking" in Afghanistan. The MoI said the Provinces such as Helmand, Nimroz, Farah and Badakhshan where the Taliban has more influence, poppy cultivation and drug processing "have been on the rise" compared to other places. Tolo News, January 2, 2021.

Targeted killings to be discussed in talks, says Chief Negotiator Masoom Stanekzai: Chief negotiator Masoom Stanekzai said the issue of targeted attacks on journalists is a serious matter and will be raised in the talks with the Taliban when they resume on January 5. "This is one of the serious issues that we need to raise and follow," Stanekzai said. Tolo News, January 1, 2021.

Taliban 'fully prepared' for next round of talks, says Taliban spokesman Mohammad Naeem: The Taliban's spokesman Mohammad Naeem said that the group was fully prepared for the second round of talks. "We will return to what was agreed, we do not have any problem in this matter," said Naeem. The second round of the peace negotiations between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Taliban are set to begin on January 5, 2021, in Doha, the capital of Qatar. Tolo News, January 1, 2021.

Afghan Republic Team to focus on ending war, says Chief Negotiator Massoom Stanekzai: The Chief Negotiator of the peace negotiating team representing the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Massoom Stanekzai said that the republic's team will focus their efforts to end the war and protect the system in the second round of the peace negotiation talks, which will begin on January 5. Masoom Stanekzai said that in the second round of the talk's efforts will be focused on a permanent end to the war-- not a gradual end to the conflict in Afghanistan. Tolo News, December 30, 2020.

High Council for National Reconciliation forms technical peace talks: The leadership committee of the High Council for National Reconciliation on December 28 in a two-day session decided to form a technical group for consultations with the negotiating team of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. This decision was taken as the intra-Afghan talks are expected to resume on January 5, 2021. Tolo News, December 28, 2020.

 
INDIA

Police to hire de-radicalisation experts to counter terrorism in Punjab: In a counter-terrorism measure in Punjab, the State Police have decided to recruit specialised de-radicalisation counsellors in the backdrop of radicalisation of youth for pro-Khalistan activities via social media. 30 de-radicalisation counsellors and 82 assistants will be recruited soon with the job to bring back youth into the mainstream after they were allegedly brainwashed by terror agencies, including Pakistan-based Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), said Director General of Police (DGP) Dinkar Gupta. According to the Police records, nearly 70 terror modules had been busted in the past few years in which more than 300 youth were arrested. Most of them were radicalised for pro-Khalistan activities through social media. The Tribune, January 3, 2021.

100 Maoists sneaked in Madhya Pradesh from Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra, says Police: According to Police, around 100 cadres of Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) from Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra have sneaked into Madhya Pradesh over the past few months to expand their base. This has prompted the State government to seek deployment of six companies of Paramilitary Forces in the rebel-hit areas of the State. These Security Forces (SFs) are likely to be deployed soon in Balaghat and tribal-dominated Mandla Districts, where the Maoists have entered. NDTV, January 3, 2021.

Terrorism affected 161 Police districts in India in 2019, according to report: Terrorism affected 161 Police Districts across the country, especially Maoist-hit states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Maharashtra, terror-hit Jammu and Kashmir, Assam and other Northeastern states in 2019, according to inputs submitted to Union Ministry of Home Affairs (UMHA) by Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) organisation in its Data on Police Organisations-2019. However, there was a slight fall in the number of terrorism or extremism affected districts in the country in 2019 compared to 174 in 2018, the UMHA's focus is to reduce the number in 2021. Punjab News Express, January 3, 2021.

AFSPA extended in Nagaland and Manipur: In a notification on December 30, Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), has been extended to the entire state of Nagaland declaring it as a "disturbed area" for six more months. According to Union Ministry of Home Affairs (UMHA), due to rampant killings, loot and extortion have been going on in various parts of the state, the decision to continue AFSPA has been taken. The Indian Express, IFP, December 30, 2020.

NEPAL

CPN-Maoist-Chand announces to forge common strategic front with three other fringe left parties: Expressing serious concern over the dissolution of the House of Representatives (HoR), the outlawed Netra Bikram Chand-led Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (CPN-Maoist-Chand) has announced to forge a common strategic front with three other fringe left parties. The Chand-led underground communist party has announced to forge a common strategic front with Nepal Communist Party-led by Rishi Ram Kattel, Nepal Communist Party (Revolutionary Maoist)-led by Mohan Baidya and Scientific Socialist Communist Party-led by Aahuti. My Republica, December 28, 2020.

PAKISTAN

TTP and its affiliates continue to regroup in erstwhile FATA in 2020, according to PIPS reports: A security report for 2020 released by Pakistan institute for Peace Studies (PIPS), said while the outlawed Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and affiliates continued to regroup in erstwhile FATA, Sindhi and Baloch insurgent groups have also intensified attacks. The report stated that though terrorism was no longer an epidemic in Pakistan, the country faced a more severe challenge of religious extremism. "There is also little evidence to suggest that National Action Plan has been successful in countering these and the related challenges," the report added. Dawn, January 2, 2021.

LeT 'commander' Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi arrested on charges of terror financing: Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) 'commander' Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi, one of the suspected masterminds of the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks (26/11), was arrested by Pakistani authorities, on charges of involvement in terror financing, almost five years after he was freed on bail. Lakhvi's whereabouts had not been known since he was released on bail from a jail in Rawalpindi in April 2015. Hindustan Times, January 2, 2021.

JUI-F leaders among 31 arrested over Hindu shrine attack in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Police arrested 31 persons including district leaders of Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam-Fazl (JUI-F) in Karak District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), for vandalising and demolishing the shrine of a Hindu saint in Teri area of the district, reports Dawn. Police officials said, JUI-F senior leader Rehmat Salam Khattak was also among the arrested persons. He was arrested from his residence in Chokara area in Takht-i-Nusrati Tehsil (revenue unit). He served as provincial general secretary of Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) before joining JUI-F. Dawn, December 31, 2020.

SRI LANKA

There will be no room for separatism and extremism, says Defense Secretary General (Retd) Kamal Gunaratne: Defense Secretary General (Retd) Kamal Gunaratne said that there will be no room for separatism and extremism in the new year since they have taken steps to thwart such attempts. The Defense Secretary citing recent information disseminated in the society also affirmed that "Nobody would be allowed to take up arms". Further responding to alleged human rights violations likely to be raised yet again during the early quarter of the new year, he recalled "These allegations have been levelled against our military since year 2009," and asserted "There were no such war crimes committed since we led a humanitarian operation. Colombo Page, December 31, 2020.

Russian Ambassador alerts Public Security Minister on terrorist financing: Russian Ambassador Yury B. Materiy apprised Public Security Minister Sarath Weerasekara about terrorist financing activities by extremist groups under the pretext of providing COVID-19 aid. The Minister called on the Ambassador and discussed bilateral cooperation and assistance in view of the containment of COVID-19. The Ambassador requested the Minister to work closely with his counterpart in Russia to marginalise such groups. The Minister, in response to the Ambassador, said a strategy was worked out after the end of the civil war to increase the intelligence units from three to seven. He recalled that 160 'Madrasa scholars' were deported after they were found spreading extremism. Daily Mirror, December 24, 2020.

 
 
For assessments on other South Asian countries and for daily news updates on terrorism visit
South Asia Terrorism Portal 
 

The South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) is a weekly service that brings you regular data, assessments and news briefs on terrorism, insurgencies and sub-conventional warfare, on counter-terrorism responses and policies, as well as on related economic, political, and social issues, in the South Asian region.

SAIR is a project of the Institute for Conflict Management and the South Asia Terrorism Portal

 
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