South Asia Terrorism Portal
Balochistan: Surging Violence Tushar Ranjan Mohanty Research Associate, Institute for Conflict Management
On December 30, six people were killed and 13 were injured in an explosion near the Science College at Jinnah Road in Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan. No group claimed responsibility for the attack.
On December 29, 2021, two Anti-Narcotics Force (ANF) officials, identified as Constable Ashraf and Constable Irfan, were killed in a gun attack in Turbat town of Kech District. No group claimed responsibility for the attack.
On December 24, 2021, two soldiers were killed when militants attacked a Security Force (SFs) check post in Kech District. No group claimed responsibility for the attack.
On December 20, 2021, five soldiers were killed and several others injured in an attack by Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) cadres in Sibi District. BLA claimed that its fighters first targeted an Army outpost and later attacked a convoy of vehicles arriving at the outpost to assist their companions.
On December 20, 2021, four soldiers were killed in a grenade attack in Turbat town, Kech District. BLA claimed the attack.
On December 16, 2021, at least 11 Army personnel were killed when Army outposts were attacked by Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar (BRAS) cadres in Tump town of Kech District. BRAS 'spokesperson' Baloch Khan claimed,
According to partial data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), overall fatalities in Balochistan increased from 215 in 2020 to 311 in 2021, up by 44.65 per cent. Overall fatalities were at a 15-year low of 180 in 2019. Way back in 2004, there were 117 fatalities. Balochistan alone accounted for 48.29 per cent of Pakistan’s total terrorism-linked fatalities (664 fatalities) in 2021. In 2020, Balochistan saw 42.49 per cent of the total in Pakistan, 215 out of 506.
Civilian fatalities have recorded a spike in the last two years. There were 116 civilian fatalities in 2021, 84 in 2020, and 83 in 2019. 2018, however, recorded 234 civilian fatalities.
105 SF fatalities were recorded in the province in 2021, as against 94 in 2020. The 2021 figure is the highest since 2016, when there were 154 fatalities. After a decline for three consecutive years (2017, 78; 2018, 75; and 2019, 54), fatalities have once again begun to rise.
Similarly, terrorist fatalities had started to decline in 2017, but surged sharply to 90 in 2021. There were 233 fatalities in 2016, 82 in 2017, 65 in 2018, 43 in 2019 and 37 in 2020.
Incidents of killing increased from 76 in 2020 to 110 in 2021. Incidents of killing had dropped from 148 in 2016 to 82 in 2017, 69 in 2018 and 48 in 2019. Similarly, major incidents (each involving three or more fatalities) doubled from 20 in 2020 to 40 in 2021, and the resultant fatalities from 142 to 199. The number of suicide attacks remained the same, two each in 2020 and 2021. The two suicide attacks in 2021 were:
The number of explosions and resultant fatalities increased from 38 and 68, respectively, in 2020, to 65 and 86, respectively, in 2021.
All the parameters of violence indicate that the overall security situation in Balochistan has deteriorated significantly in 2021.
In the meantime, the Pakistan Government persisted with its agenda of suppression of demands of Baloch nationals, using a ‘kill and dump’ strategy, which accounted for the maximum proportion of civilian fatalities in terrorism-linked violence in the province. According to the SATP database, out of 4,642 civilian fatalities recorded in Balochistan since March 6, 2000 (data till December 31, 2021), at least 1,459 have been attributable to one or other terrorist/insurgent group. Of these, 481 civilian killings (301 in the South and 180 in the North) have been claimed by Baloch separatist formations, while Islamist and sectarian extremist formations – primarily Islamic State, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ), Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Ahrar-ul-Hind (Liberators of India) – claimed responsibility for another 978 civilian killings, 895 in the North (mostly in and around Quetta) and 83 in the South. The remaining 3,183 civilian fatalities – 1,760 in the South and 1,423 in the North – remain 'unattributed'. It is widely believed that these are principally victims of the security agencies’ ‘kill and dump’ operations, particularly in the Southern region, targeting local Baloch dissidents.
An investigative report by exiled Baloch journalist Taha Siddiqui published in South Asia Press on April 27, 2021, claimed that, since 2010, the practice of using ‘death squads’ had been intensified and institutionalized, especially in the south-western parts of Balochistan where a full-fledged insurgency has been going on since the killing of Baloch leader Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti on August 26, 2006. ‘Death squads’ is a militia of local goons and convicted criminals who allegedly operate at the behest of the Army, to counter the ongoing Baloch insurgency. These groups often accompany the Army in raids on the houses of political activists, dissidents and pro-independence leaders.
According to Human Rights Council of Balochistan (HRCB) data, since 2016, at least 3,802 people have been forcibly disappeared by the SFs. These include 522 in 2016; 1,225 in 2017; 642 in 2018, 568 in 2019, 480 in 2020, and 365 in 2021 (data till November 30, 2021). Of these 3,802, SFs have extrajudicially killed at least 1,576 people. 469 have reportedly been released.
The Voice for Baloch Missing Persons (VBMP), meanwhile, claims that more than 45 thousand people have been forcibly disappeared by the Pakistan Army, and five thousand missing persons have been 'killed and dumped' over the last decade. VBMP vice chairman, Mama Qadeer Baloch, asserted on April 27, 2021,
Again, on October 27 VBMP asserted that the Pakistani authorities had failed to take any concrete measures to end “enforced disappearances” in Balochistan.
Indeed, the menace is a reality that Pakistan’s Supreme Court has clearly recognized time and again. Most recently, on September 30, 2021, the Supreme Court declared the report submitted by the Balochistan Police on five missing persons "unsatisfactory." Gulzar Ahmed, the Chief Justice of Pakistan, remarked that people had gone missing and the families had to run after the Police to register cases: "You (police) do not know how to investigate cases. A case of disappearance should have been registered by the police which could not be done (sic)." A three-member bench, comprising Chief Justice Ahmed, Justice Ijazul Ahsan and Justice Faisal Arab, was hearing the case at the Supreme Court's Quetta Registry. The Court had taken suo motu notice of the disappearances.
The systematic campaign of extermination of ethnic Baloch people through enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings continues unchecked.
As the situation with regard to enforced disappearance and extrajudicial killings worsens, there are reports of near daily and widespread protests inside Balochistan and at other places. Protests started in Quetta and the federal capital Islamabad on November 5, after the November 1 disappearance of two students from the University of Balochistan. The protestors were demanding the safe release of Faseeh Baloch and Sohail Baloch, as well as action against “enforced disappearances,” and an end to raids on academic institutions in the province. Following the protests in the University of Balochistan, Baloch students in the Bolan Medical College, Degree College Sariab, Polytechnic College and Science College also suspended academic activities in protest against the disappearance of their fellow students from Balochistan University. Despite the protests and concerns, the whereabouts of the missing students remain unknown.
On December 10, people held a rally in Islamabad carrying placards bearing the names, pictures, and dates on which their love ones went missing. Commenting on the disappearance of university students, former Balochistan Chief Minister Nawab Aslam Raisani stated that, earlier people had disappeared from different areas, but now students had started going missing from educational institutions. He added, “Disappearance of students from Balochistan University is a very serious matter which could not be ignored.”
Islamabad’s policy of supressing the demands and protests of the Baloch people, meanwhile, remains unchanged. As long as the Government continue to target Baloch people using the SFs and their terrorist proxies, violence in Balochistan will persist.
Chhattisgarh: Maoists Contained Deepak Kumar Nayak Research Associate, Institute for Conflict Management
On December 27, 2021, six cadres of the Cherla ‘Area Committee’ of the Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist), including four women, were killed in an exchange of fire between Security Forces (SFs) and the Maoists in the in the Pesalapadu Forest area of the Telangana-Chhattisgarh border region under Kishtaram Police Station limits in Sukma District. The operation followed an intelligence tip-off that a group of Maoists were assembling Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and planning to carry out attacks against SFs.Along with the bodies of the slain Maoists, whose identities are yet to be ascertained, the SFs recovered two .303 rifles, three Double Barrel Breach Loading (DBBL) guns and four rocket launchers, from the location of the encounter.
On December 22, 2021, the body of Korasa Ramesh, a former Sarpanch (head of the Panchayat, village-level local self-Government institution) of Suraveedu Panchayat in Venkatapuram Mandal (administrative sub-division) in Khammam District of Telangana, was found in Kottapalli village in Usur Taluka (revenue sub-division) in Bijapur District, along the Telangana border. The Sarpanch was called for a meeting on December 20 by the Maoists, but was subsequently abducted and killed. Police denied that he was an ‘informer’, accusing Maoists of targeting locals to create terror.
On December 18, 2021, the SFs killed two women CPI-Maoist cadres in a gun battle in Dantewada. The slain Maoists were identified as Hidme Kohrame, ‘area committee member (ACM)’ of Mallanger Area Committee of CPI-Maoist, and Pojje, head of Chetna Natya Mandli, the outfit's cultural troupe, in the Nilawaya area under the Mallanger Area Committee. Kohrame and Pojje carried rewards of INR 500,000 and INR 100,000, respectively, on their heads. SFs recovered three locally-made rifles, ammunition, explosives and items of daily use from the encounter site.
According to partial data collated by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), Chhattisgarh recorded at least 70 incidents of killing resulting in 118 fatalities (29 civilians, 44 SF personnel and 45 Maoists) in Left Wing Extremism (LWE)-linked violence in 2021. In 2020, 70 incidents of killing resulted in 135 fatalities (28 civilians, 37 SF personnel and 70 Maoists). Thus, the State registered a decline of 12.59 per cent in overall fatalities. A peak of 368 fatalities (78 civilians, 198 SF personnel, 74 Maoists and 18 Not Specified ) was registered in 2007.
The decline in overall fatalities was due to fall in Maoist fatalities, which came down from 70 in 2020 to 45 in 2021, a drop of 35.71 per cent. This is the lowest number of Maoist fatalities recorded in a year since 2015, when there were 41 fatalities in this category. There were 132 Maoist fatalities in 2018, which went down to 73 in 2019. A high of 154 Maoist fatalities was recorded way in 2009.
Disturbingly, however, fatalities in the SF category, witnessed a spike from 37 in 2020 to 44 in 2021 (18.91 per cent). After a sharp decline from 57 in 2018 to 19 in 2019, fatalities in this category have recorded a surge in two consecutive years. A maximum of 198 SF fatalities was recorded way back in 2007.
Nevertheless, the SF:Maoist kill ratio remained marginally in favor of the SFs in 2021, at 1:1.02, though it deteriorated in comparison to 2020, at 1:1.89. The best ratio recorded in a year since 2000, was in 2004 when it was 1:20. The overall kill ratio since March 6, 2000, remains in favor of SFs, at 1:1.14. (SATP started compiling data on LWE-linked insurgency on March 6, 2000).
Further, at least 132 Maoists were arrested in the State in 2021 in addition to 99 in 2020. At least 134 Maoists were arrested in 2019, 357 in 2018, and 377 in 2017. In addition, 328 Maoists surrendered in 2021, in addition to 238 such surrenders in 2020. There were 231 surrenders in 2019, 358 in 2018, and 327 in 2017.
There were 38 exchange of fire incidents between SFs and Maoist in 2021 in Chhattisgarh, as against 50 such incidents in 2020.
In the meantime, fatalities in the civilian category, one of the primary indicators of security in conflict zones, increased marginally, from 28 in 2020 to 29 in 2021, suggesting that the civilian population of the State remains at risk. Civilian fatalities have registered a cyclical trend, on year-on-year basis, since 2000.
Meanwhile, the State recorded six major incidents (each involving three or more fatalities) in 2021 in addition to seven in 2020. The Maoists also orchestrated 16 incidents of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) blasts in 2021 in addition to 22 such incidents in 2020.
In total, 243 Maoist-linked incidents were reported in 2021 as compared to 227 such incidents in 2020. 12 were incidents of abduction as against nine such incident in 2020. Similarly, 11 arson incidents were reported in 2021, as against six in 2020.
Moreover, out of a total of 32 Districts in the State, fatalities were reported from 10 districts in 2021: Sukma (45), Dantewada (23), Narayanpur (20), Bijapur (15); Kanker (four), Rajnandgaon (four), Kondagaon (three), Bastar (two), Dhamtari (one) and Gariyaband (one). Seven of these 10 Districts (excluding Dhamtari, Gariyaband and Rajnandgaon) fall in the troubled ‘Bastar Division’. Chhattisgarh had 28 Districts till 2020 and four new Districts – Mohla-Manpur, Sakti, Sarangarh-Bilaigarh and Manendragarh were added in 2021.
Fatalities were reported from eight out of 28 Districts in 2020: Sukma (62); Bijapur (40); Dantewada (11); Kanker (six); Rajnandgaon (six); Narayanpur (five); Bastar (three); and Dhamtari (two). Six of these eight Districts (barring Rajnandgaon and Dhamtari) fall in the Bastar Division.
Violence in the ‘Bastar Division’, which comprises seven Districts – Bastar, Bijapur, Dantewada, Kanker, Kondagaon, Narayanpur, and Sukma – in the southernmost region in the State, remains a significant challenge for the State. According to SATP, in 2021, the Bastar Division accounted for 94.91 per cent of total killings reported in Chhattisgarh, as against 94.07 per cent in 2020. Since 2000, the ‘Bastar Division’ has accounted for 90.85 per cent of all fatalities in the State – 3,148 out of a total of 3,465. The Division accounted for 28.74 per cent of the total of 10,953 fatalities recorded across the country since 2000.
On December 17, 2021, Chief Minister (CM) Bhupesh Baghel claimed that CPI-Maoist activities and violence were on the wane in the tribal Bastar region, where his Government was now focusing on introducing welfare and other development schemes:
On October 15, 2021, Sundarraj Pattilingam, Inspector General of Police (IGP), Bastar Range, asserted,
IGP Sundarraj’s statement came after senior CPI-Maoist leader Akkiraju Haragopal aka Ramakrishna aka RK (58), who led the Maoists in peace talks with the then Andhra Pradesh Government in 2004, passed away in Bijapur District on October 14, 2021, after a prolonged illness. Ravula Srinivas aka Kunta aka Ramanana (55), who died of a heart attack in the forests in Bijapur District of Bastar Division on December 10, 2019, was the ‘secretary’ of the ‘Dandakaranya Special Zonal Committee (DKSZC)’ and a member of the CPI-Maoist ‘central committee.’
Meanwhile, on June 27, 2021, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (UMHA) identified 14 Districts of Chhattisgarh – Balrampur, Bastar, Bijapur, Dantewada, Dhamtari, Gariyaband, Kanker, Kondagaon, Mahasamand, Narayanpur, Rajnandgaon, Sukma, Kabirdham and Mungeli – to be covered under ‘Security Related Expenditure (SRE)’ scheme for conducting focused operations against the ultras, among 70 LWE-affected Districts in 10 States across the country. Seven of these Chhattisgarh Districts – Bastar, Bijapur, Dantewada, Kanker, Narayanpur, Rajnandgaon and Sukma – were also included in the list of ‘25 Most Affected Districts’ from eight States across India, and another three districts – Kabirdham, Kondagaon and Mungeli – have been labeled ‘Districts of Concern’.
In the meantime, the Maoists are raising general issues to regain influence among the masses. According to a December 29, 2021, media report, Maoists have issued a decree for the youth in Bastar, asking them to demand recruitment of teachers and personnel for the health, agriculture and animal husbandry departments of the State Government. The Maoists also warned the youth not to join the Bastar Fighters, a special Police force created to control the Naxal movement in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.
Earlier, on September 26, 2021, through posters, Maoists appealed the villagers of Sukma District to make the ‘Bharat bandh’ [all India shut down strike] called on September 27 to protest against the Centre’s three farm laws, a success. It might be noted that the Maoists also extended support to the day-long bandh called by the Samyukta Kisan Morcha (SKM), which was spearheading the agitation against the farm laws. The laws were later repealed by Parliament on November 29, 2021.
Even as the battle against the Maoists in Chhattisgarh continue, the State Police Force, the first line of defence against any kind of internal danger within a State’s borders, continued to face deficits and deficiencies. According to the latest Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) report, as on January 1, 2020, the State had 63,839 Policemen, as against a sanctioned strength of 75,664, leaving at least 15.62 posts vacant. In this highly Maoist-afflicted State, the Police/Area Ratio (number of Policemen per 100 square kilometers) is 47.22, as against the sanctioned strength of 55.97. The all-India Police/area ratio stands at 63.63, as against a sanction of 79.80. Moreover, of a sanctioned strength of 142 apex Indian Police Service (IPS) Officers in the State, 28 posts, i.e., 19.71 per cent, remained vacant, considerably weakening executive direction of the Force. Astonishingly, 27 of 453 Police Stations in the State are without a telephone connection. To assist the State Police, 60 battalions of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) have been deployed in Chhattisgarh.
Despite the existing odds and deficits, the SFs have gradually and substantially contained the Maoists in Chhattisgarh. However, the rebels retain the wherewithal to engage in significant violence and to revive their movement if there is any neglect on the part of the state’s Forces and administration.
Weekly Fatalities: Major Conflicts in South Asia December 27, 2021 - January 2, 2022
Civilians
Security Force Personnel
NS
Total
AFGHANISTAN
INDIA
Jammu and Kashmir
INDIA (Left-Wing Extremism)
Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand
India (Total)
PAKISTAN
Balochistan
KP
Sindh
PAKISTAN (Total)
Total (South Asia)
Iran will not recognize Kabul until Government is inclusive, says Ambassador Bahadur Aminian: Iran's Ambassador in Afghanistan Bahadur Aminian said that his country will not recognize the current Afghan government unless its government is inclusive. Ambassador Bahadur Aminian further said that Tehran might persuade other countries to recognize the Afghan government if the Islamic Emirate brings reforms to its government structure. Tolo News, January 2, 2022.
Islamic Emirate recognized 'in practice', says Russian Special Envoy Zamir Kabulov: The Russian Special Envoy for Afghanistan, in an interview, said that the Islamic Emirate Government is being recognized in practice, if not formally. Referring to the Islamic Emirate officials' visits to regional countries and their participation in various summits, Zamir Kabulov said that the recognition process is continuing step by step. Tolo News, December 30, 2021.
US State Department has appointed a special envoy and a senior advisor to focus on women's and girls' issues in Afghanistan: The US State Department has appointed a special envoy and a senior advisor to focus on women's and girls' issues in Afghanistan. The US State Department on December 29 appointed Rina Amiri as the Special Envoy for Afghan Women, Girls, and Human Rights, and Stephenie Foster as a Senior Advisor, the State Department said in a statement. Tolo News, December 30, 2021.
Awami League is a 'terrorist political party', says BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir: Terming the ruling Awami League (AL) as a 'terrorist political party,' Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir on January 2 said the party in power has a lengthy history of terrorist activities. He made the remarks while addressing a press conference at the BNP Chairperson's political office at Gulshan in the capital Dhaka city. Daily Observer, January 3, 2021.
Government will amend DSA if there is any discontent, says Law Minister Anisul Huq: : Law Minister Anisul Huq while replying to questions from reporters at a function titled "Meet the OACB" organised by Overseas Correspondent Association Bangladesh (OCAB) at Abdus Salam Hall in Jatiya Press Club, Dhaka city on December 30 said that Government will amend the Digital Security Act (DSA) if there is any discontent, as the law has been abused and misused in some cases. The Daily Star, December 31, 2021.
184 militants including 44 top 'commanders' and 20 foreigners killed in J&K in 2021, says J&K DGP Dilbag Singh: Year 2021 saw the elimination of a total of 182 terrorists, including 44 of their top commanders and 20 foreigners, in 100 successful anti-terror operations by Police and Security Forces in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), Director General of Police (DGP) Dilbagh Singh said on December 31. DGP Dilbagh Singh revealed the number of total casualties of terrorists a day after the 100th successful anti-terror operation by the J&K Police. Daily Excelsior, January 1, 2022.
Number of active militants in Kashmir now below 200, says Kashmir IGP Vijay Kumar:For the first time since militancy broke out in Kashmir, the total number of militants active in the valley has fallen below 200 and the recruitment of youngsters by militant outfits has also been kept in check, Inspector General of Police (IGP), Kashmir, Vijay Kumar and General Officer Commanding (GoC) of the Army's 15th Corps Lieutenant General D P Pandey said on December 30. Addressing a press conference in the Qazigund area of Anantnag District IGP Vijay Kumar and GoC Lieutenant General D P Pandey said the security situation has improved in the valley. Kashmir Observer, December 31, 2021.
AFSPA extended in Nagaland for another six months: The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (UMHA) has extended Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act 1958 (AFSPA) in Nagaland for another six months from December 30 onwards. Referring the entire state as "disturbed area", UMHA in a notification stated, "Whereas, the Central Government is of the opinion that the area comprising the whole of the state of Nagaland is in such a disturbed and dangerous condition that the use of armed forces in aid of the civil power is necessary. Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 3 of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (No.28 of 1958) the Central Government hereby declares that whole of the State of Nagaland to be 'disturbed area' for a period of six months with effect from 30th December, 2021 for the purpose of the said Act." Northeast Now, December 30, 2021.
Terrorism rose in India in 2020 in comparison to 2019, according to US State Department report: India experienced more terror attacks in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020, compared to 2019, the US State Department said in a report. Reportedly, India witnessed 679 terror attacks last year, up from 655 the previous year. Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) recorded 257 or 37 per cent of these attacks. India also recorded 567 citizen fatalities or 2 per cent of all terror-related deaths worldwide. J&K reports the most terror activities. News Byte, December 28, 2021.
CPN-Maoist Centre General Convention endorses Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal's ideological and political report: The Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist Centre (CPN-Maoist Centre)'s ongoing eighth General Convention on December 31 endorsed the ideological and political report of Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal aka Prachanda. The closed-door session passed the report after Chairman Prachanda responded to issues raised on the report. Khabar Hub, January 1, 2022.
CPN-Unified Socialist and NCP-Janabadi announce unity: Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Socialist (CPN-Unified Socialist) led by Madhav Kumar Nepal and Nepal Communist Party-Janabadi (NCP-Janabadi) led by Devendra Singh Mahat have announced unity of the two parties amidst a special function held in Kathmandu on December 28. While the CPN-Unified Socialist was formed after splitting from the Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist (CPN-UML) led by KP Sharma Oli, NCP-Janabadi was formed after a split from Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist Centre (CPN-Maoist Centre) led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal. My Republica, December 29, 2021.
Pakistan saw increase in militant attacks after Taliban offensive in Afghanistan, says PICSS report: The rise in militant attacks in Pakistan reached the highest point in August 2021, according to Pakistan Institute for Conflict and Security Study (PICSS) report which stated that this spike coincided with the Taliban's offensive that started in May 2021, reports The Times of India. This research, conducted by PICSS, said that the highest number of attacks in a single month in 2021 was recorded in August when 45 attacks were carried out by militants. Times of India, January 1, 2022.
Pakistan failed its counter-terrorism obligations, says Report: The Singapore Post citing the United States (US) Country Reports on Terrorism 2020 reported that Pakistan continues being duplicitous on the use of terrorist groups as proxies in its geopolitical pursuits. "Terrorist groups continued to operate from Pakistan. Groups targeting Afghanistan -- including the Afghan Taliban and affiliated Haqqani Network, as well as groups targeting India, including Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and its affiliated front organizations, and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) -- continued to operate from Pakistani territory," the Singapore Post report said.. Times of India, December 30, 2021.
NSC approves country's 'first-ever' National Security Policy: The National Security Committee (NSC) on December 27 approved the country's first-ever five-years National Security Policy (NSP) 2022-2026. National Security Advisor Moeed Yusuf presented NSP 2022-2026 during the 36th NSC meeting chaired by Prime Minister Imran Khan in Islamabad. The NSA briefed the participants on the salient features of the NSP. Samaa, December 28, 2021.
The South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) is a weekly service that brings you regular data, assessments and news briefs on terrorism, insurgencies and sub-conventional warfare, on counter-terrorism responses and policies, as well as on related economic, political, and social issues, in the South Asian region.
SAIR is a project of the Institute for Conflict Management and the South Asia Terrorism Portal
To receive FREE advance copies of SAIR by email Subscribe. Recommend South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) To A Friend