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SOUTH ASIA INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
Weekly Assessments & Briefings
Volume 13, No. 6, August 11, 2014

Data and assessments from SAIR can be freely published in any form with credit to the South Asia Intelligence Review of the
South Asia Terrorism Portal


ASSESSMENT

INDIA
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Jharkhand: Red Retribution
Deepak Kumar Nayak
Research Assistant, Institute for Conflict Management

In the early hours of August 9, 2014, 14 cadres of the Tritiya Prastuti Committee (TPC), a splinter group of the Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist), were killed by CPI-Maoist cadres at Choti Kauriya village under Vishrampur Police Station limits in Palamu District. Around 18 TPC members had taken shelter in the house of Balram Sahu, a fellow villager, when a huge squad of over 250 Maoists swooped down on the village and took them by surprise at around midnight. The gun battle lasted till 2:30 am. After the TPC rebels exhausted their ammunition, 14 of them were killed while the remaining four managed to escape.

Confirming the incident, R.K. Dhan, Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG), Palamu Range, stated, “After killing the TPC men, the CPI (Maoist) looted their arms and ammunition and also left pamphlets on the spot.” Maoist ‘spokesperson’ Manas Ji later claimed responsibility for the killings, declaring it was revenge for the Chatra attack last year, when TPC had killed 10 CPI-Maoist cadres.

Palamu, located in north-west Jharkhand, has an area of 5043.8 square kilometres, and a population of 1,939,869 (Census 2011). The District is bounded in the north by the river Son which separates it from the Rohtas District in Bihar; in the east, by Aurangabad and Gaya Chatra Districts of Bihar, and Chatra in Jharkhand; in the west, by Garhwa District in Jharkhand; and in the south by Latehar District, Jharkhand.

On March 27, 2013, heavily armed TPC cadres had shot dead 10 Maoists, who were taken completely by surprise in Lakramanda village under the Kunda Police Station limits in Chatra District. A group of 35 to 45 Maoists, led by Lalesh, were resting after taking lunch provided by the villagers, when heavily armed TPC cadres suddenly surrounded them. The Maoists later confirmed the killing of four leaders in the attack: Lalesh Yadav alias Prashant, ‘secretary’ of the Bihar Jharkhand North Chhattisgarh Special Area Committee (BJNCSAC); Jaikumar Yadav, ‘platoon commander’; Dharmendra Yadav alias Biru, ‘sub-zonal commander’ of Chatra Palamu; and Prafulla Yadav, ‘sub-zonal commander’ of the Koleswari area in Chatra District.

These are just the most recent incidents of clashes between the CPI-Maoist and TPC in their turf war for dominance in Jharkhand. Other reported significant incidents of killing through 2005-2014, in Maoists-TPC clashes in Jharkhand include:

August 1, 2013: Two CPI-Maoist cadres were killed in a factional clash with TPC in the Pratappur forest of Chatra District. A TPC poster found near the bodies warned CPI-Maoist cadres of more such attacks in the future.

January 16, 2012: An armed CPI-Maoist group shot dead a TPC cadre, identified as Avdhesh Yadav (45), in Palamu District. The slain TPC cadre was a resident of Jhargada village under the Hussainabad subdivision of the District.

June 7, 2011: Ramcharan Singh, 'area commander' of the CPI-Maoist, carrying a reward of INR 50,000 on his head was shot dead by suspected TPC cadres in Kedli forest under Burmu Police Station in Ranchi District. According to reports he had an ongoing conflict with TPC regarding 'levy collection' and had escaped many earlier attempts on his life.

July 15, 2011: A TPC cadre was reportedly killed by a CPI-Maoist unit at Etko village in Palamu District.

August 29, 2010: CPI-Maoist cadres attacked Sohban village in Chatra District, killing TPC ‘area commander’ Mohan Ganju and his associate Ramdeo Ganju, after which the attackers blew up the house in which they were staying. Later, in retaliation, TPC cadres killed the brother of CPI-Maoist ‘commander’ Charleji in Latehar District.

October 10, 2008: Two persons, including a TPC ‘commander’, identified as Nilesh alias Kariman Ganju, were killed by suspected CPI-Maoist cadres at Kundu village in the Chatra District. The other person killed was identified as Deolal.

November 15, 2008: TPC cadres killed two suspected Maoists near the Misan Roundabout under Balumath Police Station of Latehar District. The TPC cadres left a pamphlet claiming responsibility for the killing.

September 12, 2007: TPC cadres abducted four CPI-Maoist supporters, identified as Amit Jaiswal, S. Sao, Raj Kishore Pareiha and Mahesh Ram, and subsequently killed them in Barwadih village, Latehar District.

May 28, 2007: CPI-Maoist cadres abducted and subsequently killed four TPC cadres in Latehar District. Jharkhand Director General of Police, J. B. Mahapatra, disclosed, "The killing is the outcome of the fight for collection of levy from coal traders. Earlier members of CPI-Maoist were abducted by the TPC over fight for levy collection. And the killing is outcome of retaliation of CPI-Maoist".

The Tritiya Prastuti Committee (TPC), literally, the Third Proposal Committee, was founded by Brajesh Ganju alias Sardar ji, a former CPI-Maoist cadre in Lawalong area in Chatra in 2001, and formally constituted in 2002, after a number of cadres of the CPI-Maoist in Jharkhand walked out of the CPI-Maoist, complaining of the domination of the Yadav caste in the decision-making process of the parent organisation. TPC cadres were mostly from the Dalit (Scheduled Caste) Bhokta, Turi, Badai, Oraon, and Ghanju castes. On July 6, 2007, TPC claimed that it had expanded its organisation across Jharkhand. In an interview, the group’s ‘sub zonal commander’ for Palamau District, Girij, claimed that the outfit had established units in each of Jharkhand's 22 Districts, declaring, "Our main enemy is not the Police machinery, but the CPI-Maoist. They have diverted from their original principle and are involved in petty activities. And to successfully wage armed struggle against the Maoists, there is an imperative need to strengthen our own organisation. The results of our expansion would give us positive results in near future."

TPC leaders accused the Maoists of collecting levy for their own vested interest, and of bringing all development work in the State to a grinding halt. Giriji conceded, “We, too, shall collect levy from contractors, as we need funds for the organisation. But we shall not demand hefty levy from (Government) contractors that could prevent them from carrying on with the construction.”

Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Deputy Inspector General (DIG) Bhanu Pratap Singh, stationed in the Palamau region, stated, on April 14, 2011, that 60 per cent of Naxalite [Left Wing Extremist (LWE)] incidents in the State were reported from Palamau, Latehar, Chatra and Garhwa Districts, adding, “The reason is that many splinter groups are active in the area and they are fighting a battle of supremacy with each other.” This trend continues and, according to partial data compile by SATP, out of 131 killings, comprising of  57 militants, 48 civilians and 26 SFs, through 2013, 49 (37 per cent) were reported from these four districts. Moreover, of the 57 militants killed in 2013, 30 (52.63 per cent) were killed in these Districts. Significantly, of 48 fatalities among the civilians, 26 were attributed to the CPI-Maoist, 21 to People's Liberation Front of India (PLFI), one to TPC. However, the CPI-Maoist was alone was responsible for all 26 fatalities among the SFs. Also, among 57 LWEs killed, 39 belonged to the CPI-Maoist, 16 to the PLFI and two to the TPC.

Earlier, on May 19, 2014, the State's Chief Secretary Sajal Chakraborty, termed Jharkhand’s LWE problem as a “threat blown out of proportion”, because criminal acts committed by splinter groups without ideological moorings simply inflated the number of violent incidents and fatalities. Justifying his claims he said, “For example, in 2011, CPI (Maoist) presence and activities was 59 per cent [of total LWE activities] that reduced to 35 per cent last year [2013]. In contrast, PLFI (People's Liberation Front of India) grew from 15 per cent in 2011 to 37 per cent in 2013.” He advocated the 'denotification' of Maoist splinter groups from the LWE group listing.

According to data compiled by the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), with 66 fatalities [31 civilians, 8 Security Force (SF) personnel and 27 LWE extremists] in LWE-related incidents in 2014, Jharkhand closely followed Chhattisgarh, which recorded the highest fatalities [70] in LWE-related incidents in 2014, with 18 civilians 36 SF personnel and 16 Maoists killed. However, the qualitative difference between Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh is that that in Jharkhand the civilian and extremist fatalities are much higher than SF fatalities, because of the turf war between the many splinter groups in the State. This process had, for an extended period of time, also been implicitly supported by the State authorities, who felt that the internecine clashes were working to the long-term detriment of the movement LWE in Jharkhand. Indeed, reports indicated that the Police were, at one stage, implicitly backing TPC in its fight against CPI-Maoist, and that the group was even ‘allowed’ to take away a part of the sophisticated weapons seized from the Maoists in SF operations. R.K. Mallick, Inspector General, Jharkhand Police, tacitly admitted this, stating, "If we know that a particular splinter group is looking for the Maoists in a region, we may decide not to venture out in the region for some time." However, some reversal in this policy is now apparent, with the Jharkhand Police declaring that the rising crimes of TPC would now be targeted in intensifying SF operations.

Fatalities in Left-Wing Extremist Violence in Jharkhand: 2005-2014

Years

Civilians
SFs
Terrorists
Total

2005

49
27
20
96

2006

18
47
29
94

2007

69
6
45
120

2008

74
39
50
163

2009

74
67
76
217

2010

71
27
49
147

2011

79
30
48
157

2012

48
24
26
98

2013

48
26
57
131

2014

31
8
27
66

Total*

561
301
427
1289
*Data till August 10, 2014

Jharkhand’s Police Population ratio (Policemen per 100,000 population) was 174 as on December 31, 2013, well above the national average of 141, but substantially below the level required to tackle the complex problems of law and order administration and security in the State. At least 22 battalions of CRPF are also currently deployed in the State.

On August 10, 2014, DGP Rajiv Kumar observed, "A major part of our focus has been on weeding out all kinds of extremism from the State. I have personally led many operations in deep Naxalite pockets, which were considered death traps. Now we have broken the dominance of extremists in many areas and they have fled from their so called strongholds." He asserted that resolute action against the extremists would continue.

Despite SF efforts, however, Jharkhand maintained the dubious distinction of recording the highest number of total fatalities, as well as of civilian fatalities, among Left Wing Extremism (LWE)-affected States for the second consecutive year in 2013, even as the CPI-Maoist appeared to be losing some momentum in the State. While the fratricidal competition between the LWE groupings has certainly accrued to the advantage of the state, the problem remains far from a satisfactory resolution.

SRI LANKA
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Misdirected Stridency
S. Binodkumar Singh
Research Associate, Institute for Conflict Management

Under growing international pressure to deal with war crimes allegedly committed in the final stages of the conflict between Sri Lankan Government Forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in 2009, President Mahinda Rajapaksa, on August 5, 2014, extended the term of the Presidential Commission to Investigate into Complaints Regarding Missing Persons (PCICMP) to February 15, 2015. PCICMP had earlier been appointed on August 14, 2013. Rajapaksa also announced that the Government was in the process of bringing in another three international panelists, expectedly from the Asian region, to expand the three-member International Advisory Council (IAC) appointed on July 15, 2014. Sir Desmond de Silva, a prominent British lawyer and former United Nation (UN) Chief War Crimes Prosecutor in Sierra Leone; Sir Geoffrey Nice, a British barrister and a law professor who has been involved with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia; and Professor David Crane, a law professor at Syracuse University in the United States (US) were appointed to serve in the original IAC.

Earlier, on March 21, 2014, President Rajapaksa amended the time period of the PCICMP to cover the period from January 1, 1983, to May 19, 2009, from the earlier notified time frame - June 10, 1990 to May 19, 2009.

The PCICMP, meanwhile, held public sittings in Kilinochchi, Jaffna, Batticaloa and Mullaitivu Districts from January to June 2014, in which the Commission received a large number of complaints, to date, at 19,284, including 14,284 from civilians and 5,000 from Security Forces personnel.

On March 27, 2014, the 47-member United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC), by a vote of 23 states in favour, 12 against and 12 abstentions, adopted a resolution for launching an inquiry into war crimes allegedly committed by both Sri Lankan Forces and LTTE rebels during the last phases of the civil war as, according to them, the Sri Lankan Government had failed to investigate the issue properly. Consequently, on June 12, 2014, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, established the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL), an investigative team comprising 12 members, including two forensic experts, a legal analyst, a gender specialist and investigators as mandated by the UNHRC to conduct its operations for a 10-month period, beginning in mid-June 2014 and ending in mid-April 2015. On August 4, 2014, Sinhala daily The Divaina reported that OISL had obtained testimonies of about 30 witnesses in the country, via Skype. The report further asserted that the panel had collected evidence to produce an oral report at the 27th session of the UNHRC, scheduled to be held in September 2014 in Geneva.

Unsurprisingly, on the day of the UNHRC resolution - March 27, 2014 - President Rajapaksa, rejected the resolution, declaring, "We reject this. This resolution only hurts our reconciliation efforts. It does not help. But I am not discouraged. We will continue with the reconciliation process I have started." Reiterating the Government’s stance on the UN investigation, Government spokesman and Media Minister, Keheliya Rambukwella, speaking at the weekly Cabinet briefing held in Colombo on July 3, 2014, observed, “Sri Lanka is ready to hold discussions at acceptable conditions but the Government which has been ascended to power (sic) by the people is not ready to be made equal with a terrorist organization.”

Significantly, the Government is continuing the implementation of the recommendations of the Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission (LLRC) Report through the National Action Plan (NAP) approved by the Cabinet on July 26, 2012. As of June 3, 2014, out of the 144 recommendations of the NAP, 45 recommendations have achieved their objectives, while the implementation of 89 recommendations has 'progressed to a substantial extent' with long-term time-frames, and initial steps are being taken for the implementation of 10 recommendations. Regarding resettlement of the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), nearly 766,307 IDPs (226,239 families) have been resettled from 2009 to April 2014 in the Northern and Eastern Provinces. According to the Joint Study by Ministry of Resettlement, Presidential Task Force (PTF) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), as of May 31, 2014, 30,007 persons (9,073 families) remain to be resettled, including 22,453 persons (6,766 families) from the North and 7,554 persons (2,307 families) from the East.

Highlighting the Governments steps on rehabilitation of former LTTE cadres, Major General Jagath Wijetilleke, Commissioner General of the Bureau of Commissioner General of Rehabilitation (BCGR) disclosed, on June 4, 2014, that Sri Lanka has almost completed the rehabilitation of nearly 12,000 former cadres of the LTTE, and only 132 former LTTE members were currently undergoing the one-year rehabilitation program at the Poonthottam Rehabilitation Center in Vavuniya District.

Further, on the recruitment of more Kilinochchi youth to the Army as vocational tradesmen, Major General Sudantha Ranasinghe, Commander of Security Force Headquarters - Kilinochchi (SFHQ-KLN), on July 5, 2014, stated that the recruitment of 125 women soldiers from the Kilinochchi area as vocational tradesmen had been completed under Phase 1. Under Phase 2, the Army expects to recruit as many as 500 young tradesmen, vocationally skilled in driving, clerical work, bakery, store-keeping, cookery, welding, agriculture, carpentry, masonry, fire extinguishing, cultural performances, electric work, general duties, etc.

On the other hand, on June 19, 2014, the Parliament gave approval to extend by another six months the time limit granted to the Parliament Select Committee (PSC) appointed on November 23, 2013, to formulate a political solution to the country's ethnic issue. Accordingly, the term of the PSC, which was earlier set to conclude on June 22, 2014, has also been extended to December 21, 2014.

Meanwhile, the Tamil National Alliance (TNA), the largest Tamil party in the country and considered as the political inheritor of the LTTE, on July 15, 2014, stated that Sri Lanka is a unitary State and has agreed to denounce separatism and accepted a united Sri Lanka for all communities. TNA had contested the Provincial Council elections on September 21, 2013, with an election manifesto calling for self-determination in the Tamil-dominated North under a federal structure. The TNA also agreed to submit an affidavit to the Supreme Court in this regard. Earlier, six petitions had been filed by representatives of Sinhala majority nationalist organizations alleging that the political objective of the TNA was to form a separate Government in Sri Lanka. The petitioners had also claimed that the TNA manifesto violated the Sixth Amendment of the Sri Lankan Constitution, which declared that no political party or other association or organization shall have as one of its aims or objects the establishment of a separate State within the territory of Sri Lanka.

While receiving the Prime Minister of Portugal, Pedro Passos Coelho on July 20, 2014, President Mahinda Rajapaksa noted, "It would take time to heal the wounds of war because a lot of young people died from the south and the north." He further observed that he wished to see more foreign leaders visiting his country to experience the island's post-conflict progress and said that the war-devastated north had recorded over 20 per cent growth, highlighting the Government's development work in rebuilding infrastructure. According to the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, the Northern Province had the highest rate of economic growth in 2011, with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of 27.8 per cent in 2011 (as compared to national average of 16.8 per cent) and 25.9 percent in 2012 (as compared to national average of 15.9 per cent).

The Sri Lankan Government continues to struggle against mounting pressure from prejudiced elements within the international community and surviving clusters of LTTE sympathizers in the Tamil Diaspora, even as domestic politics reflects some signs of greater ethnic accommodation. Indeed, the exceptional stridency of the international community on investigations in Sri Lanka has gone a great distance in feeding communal polarization and extremist trends in the country at a time when Colombo appears to be working to overcome the legacy of ethnic violence and past confrontation. The UNHRC's ill-conceived initiatives can only harm the cause, both of enduring peace and of securing justice in this long-tormented island nation.


NEWS BRIEFS

Weekly Fatalities: Major Conflicts in South Asia
August 4-10, , 2014

 

Civilians

Security Force Personnel

Terrorists/Insurgents

Total

BANGLADESH

 

Left-wing Extremism

0
0
1
1

INDIA

 

Assam

0
0
4
4

Jammu and Kashmir

0
1
4
5

Meghalaya

0
0
1
1

Left-wing Extremism

 

Chhattisgarh

0
3
0
3

Jharkhand

0
1
15
16

Total (INDIA)

0
5
24
29

PAKISTAN

 

Balochistan

4
5
7
16

FATA

1
2
45
48

KP

8
0
5
13

Sindh

9
3
2
14

Total (PAKISTAN)

22
10
59
91
Provisional data compiled from English language media sources.


BANGLADESH

Trial of War Crimes suspect organizations was inevitable, asserts Law Minister Anisul Huq: Law Minister Anisul Huq on August 7 asserted that the trial of War Crimes suspect organizations was inevitable. The Law Ministry sources further said that the Law Ministry has prepared a draft to amend the International Crimes (Tribunal) Act -1973 so that organizations could be tried under the law for War Crimes. It has the provision for banning a convicted organization from the political arena. The draft proposal for amending the law would be placed before the Prime Minister and the cabinet for approval. Daily Star, August 8, 2014.


INDIA

United States puts HuM in its terror list, says report: The United States (US) put Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM) and all its affiliates on a list of "foreign terrorist organisations" and "specially designated terrorists". In a statement issued in Washington, the US Treasury Department said that after international sanctions, HuM continued to work under various names. Dawn, August 8, 2014.

Over 130 civilians killed in Naxal violence so far in 2014, Union Minister of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju informs Rajya Sabha: Over 130 civilians and 61 Security Force (SF) personnel have been killed by the Naxals-[Left-Wing Extremists (LWEs)] between January and July 15, 2014, Minister of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju informed the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Indian Parliament) on August 6. 38 LWEs were also killed during the same period, while a total of 630 Maoist-related violent incidents were reported across the affected states. A total of 809 Maoists were also arrested during the same period, the Minister added. Post Jagran, August 7, 2014.

49 Army personnel killed in counter insurgency operations in the last three years in J&K, says Union Defence Minister Arun Jaitley: Union Defence Minister Arun Jaitley on August 5 informed the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament) that 49 Army personnel were martyred in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) during counter insurgency operations in the last three years. Economic Times, August 6, 2014.

Women Maoist cadres sexually exploited, informs Union Minister of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju: Instances of sexual exploitation of tribal women cadres by senior Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) leaders have been reported in various Naxal-[Left-Wing Extremism (LWE)]-affected states, Union Minister of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju informed the Lok Sabha (Lower House of Indian Parliament). He further said, "This has been widely reported in the media also from time to time. Such instances of sexual exploitation include rape, forced marriage and molestation by senior male CPI (Maoist) cadres. Times of India, August 6, 2014.

North East violence on the wane states, Union Minister of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju: Union Minister of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju informed the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Indian Parliament) that violence in North East is on the wane. He told that the number of violent incidents has come down to 412 from 1489 in 2007 and killing of innocent civilians have come down to 102 from 498 during the same year. Assam Tribune, August 7, 2014.


NEPAL

Internal differences will not affect constitution-making process, says UCPN-M Chairman Prachanda: On August 8, Unified Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (UCPN-M) Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal aka Prachanda said that internal rift within the UCPN-M will not get in the way of the constitution-making process. He said there was no possibility of a split in the party. Nepal News, August 9, 2014.


PAKISTAN

45 militants and two SFs among 48 persons killed during the week in FATA: At least six suspected militants were killed and two others were injured when a drone fired two missiles in a house in a village in Dattakhel area of North Waziristan Agency (NWA) in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) on August 6, 2014.

Three persons, including two Lashkar-e-Islam (LI) militants and one Tauheed-ul-Islam (TI) militia member, were killed as the two group clashed in Zakhakhel area of Tirah Valley in Khyber Agency on August 6.

At least 30 militants were killed in airstrikes carried out by fighter jets in Dattakhel, Marsikhel and Kamsham areas of NWA on August 5.

Seven Uzbek militants and two soldiers were killed during the ongoing Operation Zarb-e-Azb in Data Khel area of NWA on August 4. Daily Times; Dawn; The News; Tribune; Central Asia Online; The Nation; The Frontier Post; Pakistan Today; Pakistan Observer, August 5-12, 2014.

Security tightened in Punjab: Four companies of Pakistan Rangers (Punjab) were deployed at vital security points of the city on August 8 after the Provincial Government requisitioned it to cope with law and order situation in the provincial capital Lahore. A Police source said that up to four companies comprising 160 personnel took their positions at sensitive government buildings and establishments. He said the Rangers had been put at the disposal of Lahore Police for future line of action. Dawn, August 9, 2014.

TTP declares 'war on media' in a message sent to media groups across the world: Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) in a message titled, "The global war of ideologies and the behaviour of media", sent to media advocacy groups across the world, including to the "heads and members of organisations working for the rights of media members around the world," warned the Pakistani media that if they did not stop criticising the mujahedeen (holy warriors), they will be attacked and "no crying and sobbing" will prevent the holy warriors from punishing journalists. Dawn, August 6, 2014.


SRI LANKA

OISL begins investigation on Sri Lanka: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL) has begun its investigation on alleged war crimes during the final phases of civil war in Sri Lanka in 2009. It has requested the High Commissioner to present an oral update on the investigation at its 27th session and a comprehensive report on the investigations at its 28th session. Colombo Page, August 5, 2014.


The South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) is a weekly service that brings you regular data, assessments and news briefs on terrorism, insurgencies and sub-conventional warfare, on counter-terrorism responses and policies, as well as on related economic, political, and social issues, in the South Asian region.

SAIR is a project of the Institute for Conflict Management and the South Asia Terrorism Portal.

South Asia Intelligence Review [SAIR]

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Editor
Dr. Ajai Sahni


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