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SOUTH ASIA INTELLIGENCE REVIEW
Weekly Assessments & Briefings
Volume 14, No. 22, November 30, 2015
Data and
assessments from SAIR can be freely published in any form
with credit to the South Asia Intelligence Review of the
South Asia Terrorism Portal
|
Justice
at the Gallows
S.
Binodkumar Singh
Research
Associate, Institute for Conflict Management
On November
22, 2015, condemned war crimes convicts Jamaat-e-Islami
(JeI) Secretary General Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed (67)
and Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) Standing Committee
member Salauddin Quader Chowdhury (66) were hanged simultaneously
at Dhaka Central Jail at 12:55 am. Earlier, on November
21, 2015, President Abdul Hamid had rejected their applications
seeking Presidential clemency, which they had filed after
losing all legal battles against their death sentences
on charge of crimes against humanity committed during
the Liberation War of 1971.
On July
17, 2013, the International Crimes Tribunal-2 (ICT-2)
had sentenced Mojaheed to death
after finding him guilty on five of seven charges against
him, including the killing of eminent journalist Serajuddin
Hossain in Dhaka; mass killings at village Baidyadangi
in Faridpur District; the killing of Badi, Rumi, Jewel,
Azad and Altaf Mahmud at Nakhalpara Army Camp in Dhaka;
the killing of intellectuals in Dhaka; and the killing
of Hindu civilians and persecution in Faridpur District.
He had filed an appeal with the Appellate Division of
the Supreme Court (SC) on August 12, 2013. On June 16,
2015, the Appellate Division upheld Mojaheed’s death sentence.
Similarly,
on October 1, 2013, ICT-1 sentenced Salauddin to death
finding him guilty on nine of 23 charges including the
Madhya Gohira Genocide, in which the Hindu community was
targeted on April 13, 1971; the murder of Nutun Chandra
Singha; genocide at Jogotmollopara, in which 32 Hindus
were killed; the murder of Nepal Chandra and three others;
the genocide at Unsuttarpara, in which an estimated 70
Hindus were killed; the killing of Satish Chandra Palit;
the killing of Mozaffar and his son; abduction and torture
of Nizamuddin Ahmed; and abduction and torture of Saleh
Uddin. He had lodged an appeal with the Appellate Division
on October 29, 2013, but his death sentence was upheld
on July 29, 2015.
On September
30, 2015, the Appellate Division released its full verdicts
upholding the death penalty of Mojaheed and Salauddin,
leaving them with the option of seeking a review of the
verdicts. Expectedly, both Mojaheed and Salauddin had
filed their respective review pleas on October 14, 2015.
Again, the Appellate Division dismissed their review petitions
on November 18, 2015, with all four judges – Chief Justice
Surendra Kumar Sinha, Justice Nazmun Ara Sultana, Justice
Syed Mahmud Hossain and Justice Hasan Foyez Siddique –
concurring, leaving only Presidential mercy as a last
resort. On November 21, 2015, Mojaheed and Salauddin submitted
their separate mercy petitions to the President, and these
were rejected on the same day.
Mojaheed
had been arrested on June 29, 2010, and was indicted on
June 21, 2012; while Salauddin was arrested on December
16, 2010, and indicted on April 4, 2012.
Salauddin
and Mojaheed are the two highest-profile war crimes convicts
to walk to the gallows. Salauddin is also the first BNP
leader to be executed, and was Parliamentary Affairs Adviser
to the then Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia, with the
rank of a Cabinet Minister. He had also served as Minister
of Health during General Hussein Muhammad Ershad’s regime.
Mojaheed
had served as Minister of Social Welfare in the then BNP-led
coalition Government between 2001 and 2006. He is the
third JeI leader to have been hanged for war crimes, after
JeI Assistant Secretary Abdul
Quader Mollah (65), known as ‘Mirpurer
Koshai (Butcher of Mirpur), who was hanged at Dhaka
Central Jail on December 12, 2013; and JeI Senior Assistant
Secretary General Muhammad
Kamaruzzaman (63), the third most
senior figure in the JeI, who was hanged at Dhaka Central
Jail on April 11, 2015.
Expectedly,
on November 22, 2015, the JeI called for a countrywide
dawn-to-dusk hartal (general strike) for November
23, 2015. Earlier, protesting the SC verdict of November
18, 2015, JeI had called a countrywide hartal on
November 19, 2015. Unlike previous
hartals called by JeI protesting
against war crimes’ verdicts against party leaders, which
had resulted in massive street violence, these two hartals
were largely ignored across the country and no major acts
of violence were reported.
The War
Crimes (WC) Trials, which began on
March 25, 2010, have thus far indicted 44 leaders, including
27 from JeI, six from the Muslim League (ML), five from
Nezam-e-Islami (NeI), four from BNP and two from the Jatiya
Party (JP). Verdicts have been delivered against 24
accused, including 17 death penalties
and seven life sentences. So far, four of the 17 people
who were awarded death sentence have been hanged. Each
earlier judgment had resulted in violence unleashed by
fundamentalists, led by the Opposition combine of BNP,
JeI and its student wing Islami Chattra Shibir (ICS).
According to partial data compiled by the South Asia
Terrorism Portal (SATP), the country recorded at least
51 fatalities, including 23 civilians, one Security Force
(SF) trooper and 27 JeI-ICS cadres (between December 12,
2013 and December 19, 2013) as violent protests were witnessed
across Bangladesh after the execution of JeI Assistant
Secretary Abdul Quader Mollah on December 12, 2013. Further,
the violence that followed the execution of JeI Senior
Assistant Secretary General Muhammad Kamaruzzaman (63)
on April 11, 2015, led to death of two JeI-ICS cadres
(violent protests continued till April 14, 2015). However,
no violent protests have taken place, thus far, after
the execution of JeI Secretary General Ali Ahsan Mohammad
Mojaheed (67) and BNP Standing Committee member Salauddin
Quader Chowdhury (66) on November 22, 2015.
Meanwhile,
on November 22, 2015, various political parties and organizations
hailed the latest executions. The Communist Party of Bangladesh
(CPB) demanded a ban on the politics of JeI and ICS to
root out extremism from the country forever. Demanding
immediate execution of all other war crimes convicts,
Bangladesh Chhatra Federation (BCF), the student front
of Ganasanghati Andolon, another left leaning political
party, expressed satisfaction over the verdict and declared
that it was a reflection of people’s expectations. Sammilita
Sangskritik Jote, a cultural organization, also expressed
satisfaction over the executions. Gonojagoron Mancha
(People's Resurgence Platform), a youth platform seeking
death sentences for all war criminals, took out a procession
at Shahbagh in the capital, Dhaka. Further, calling for
confiscation of all properties of the convicted war criminals
and distribution of the wealth among the families of insolvent
freedom fighters and rape victims of the 1971 Liberation
War, Shahriar Kabir, Acting President of Ekatturer Ghatak
Dalal Nirmul Committee, an anti-war crimes platform, asserted,
on November 26, “The properties of Jamaat-e-Islami including
its business firms, factories, NGOs, and educational and
social institutions, should come under the Government's
control. These institutions have to give compensation
as well.”
Surprisingly,
the BNP did not announce any programme of protests in
the wake of the execution of its leader, Salauddin. At
a high-level party meeting on November 25, 2015, BNP Chairperson
Begum Khaleda Zia did not allow her party colleagues to
discuss Salauddin's execution. After the meeting, Jamiruddin
Sircar, a member of the party’s Standing Committee disclosed,
“The issue of Salauddin's execution was raised at the
meeting. Madam [Khaleda Zia] offered her condolence at
his death. There was no more discussion on it as it was
not on the agenda. We now want to make it clear that we
are not in favour of war criminals. By not discussing
Salauddin, she has saved her party from the accusation
of patronizing war criminals.”
Earlier,
on November 19, 2015, when a correspondent of Prothom
Alo (First Light), a major daily newspaper published
from Dhaka city in the Bengali language, contacted seven
BNP leaders, including three members of its Standing Committee,
one Standing Committee member, preferring anonymity, observed,
“Salauddin Quader’s execution will have no impact on BNP.
The party is not also discussing this much (sic).”
Indeed,
BNP is now trying to extricate itself from its own past.
For decades, the party has been facing accusation of patronizing
war criminals. Its electoral ties with the anti-liberation
JeI have also drawn flak, and the leadership has been
facing pressure from both friends and foes at home and
abroad to cut ties with JeI. In the past, BNP had joined
often violent protestsat the war crimes
verdicts and past executions.
Criticizing
former Presidents Ziaur Rahman and H. M. Ershad; and BNP
Chairperson Khaleda, for rehabilitating those involved
in war crimes in 1971, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wajed
observed, on November 23, 2015, “Ziaur Rahman did not
try the war criminals. We tried and executed the war criminals.
I think through the trial and execution of the war criminals
the victims’ family members will at least get some consolation.
If we cannot end the trial of war criminals, the nation
will never be freed from curse (sic).”
For years
now, entities sympathetic to the JeI-BNP combine, backed
by several Western nations, have been attempting to undermine
the legitimacy of the war crime trials. With the BNP pulling
away from the convicted war criminals, it appears that
the legitimacy issue has been more than settled, and apologists
will find it increasingly difficult to sustain their campaigns
against a process that has been abundantly transparent.
|
Chhattisgarh:
Crumbling Bastions
Mrinal
Kanta Das
Research Assistant, Institute for Conflict Management
A Communist
Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist)
cadre was killed by a joint squad of Security Forces (SFs),
comprising of the 204th Battalion of the Commando
Battalion for Resolute Action (CoBRA), District Reserve
Group (DRG) and District Force, at Kurcholi village forest
under the Basaguda Police Station limits in Bijapur District
on November 25, 2015.
Again,
on November 24, the DRG had killed a CPI-Maoist ‘commander’
of military "Platoon Number 13", identified
as Padia, in an encounter near a weekly market at Faraspal
in Dantewada District. His body was recovered along with
a 303 rifle, nine rounds, a .315 bore revolver and six
live rounds, while other Maoists fled into the forest.
In this encounter, SFs had disguised themselves as local
villagers and waited for the Maoists.
On November
22, four woman cadres of the CPI-Maoist were killed in
an encounter with SFs in Sukma District. The encounter
took place at Nagalguda Hills under Gadiras Police Station
limits on the Sukma–Dantewada border. SFs also neutralized
a camp of the Maoists’ Malangir ‘area committee’. Bastar
Police recovered four bodies of uniformed Maoists, along
with a .303 service rifle and two 12-bore rifles. Police
also claimed that Ayatu, the ‘divisional committee’ member
of the Maoists’ ‘Darbha division’, was shot from close
range and sustained multiple bullet injuries during the
encounter. However, he managed to flee, leaving behind
a truck load of camp items at the spot.
In a separate
incident on November 19, two CPI-Maoist cadres, including
a woman ‘commander’, were killed in an encounter with
a joint team of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and
the District Police near the Kolayiguda Forest in Sukma
District. The two dead bodies were recovered from the
encounter spot. The woman Maoist carried a reward of INR
500,000 on her head. In this incident the SFs led the
Maoists into a trap, disguising themselves as tribals.
Over the
past 38 days, between October 23 and November 29, the
Maoists also set ablaze 92 vehicles in the Bastar region.
SFs recovered three Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs)
in two separate incidents in Sukma District on November
23. Meanwhile, two security personnel, one of them belonging
to the CoBRA Force, were injured in a pressure bomb blast
triggered by the Maoists in Bijapur District on November
24.
Between
November
3, 2015, and November 25, 2015, 16
Maoists have been killed in encounters in seven separate
incidents in Chhattisgarh, while one civilian was killed
by the Maoists in Narayanpur District. Significantly,
there have been no SF casualties, so far, in November
2015.
According
to the South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), 112
people including 29 civilians, 40 SF personnel and 43
Maoists have been killed in LWE-related
incidents in Chhattisgarh in 2015,
as of November 29. Though a little over a month still
remains in the year, Maoist fatalities have crossed last
year’s figure, while SF fatalities have fallen to 40 as
against 55 in 2014. Further, Maoist fatalities in Chhattisgarh
are higher than any of the other States. At second rank,
Jharkhand has had 35 LW extremists killed, including 27
from the CPI-Maoist, while the others are drawn from splinters
such as People’s Liberation Front of India and Tritiya
Prastuti Committee. On the SF fatalities index, Jharkhand
is a distant second, with five fatalities. Chhattisgarh
alone accounts for 40 of the total of 56 SF fatalities
in LWE related incidents across the country.
Significantly,
all major incidents that have occurred in Chhattisgarh
this year have occurred in the Bastar Division – including
the seven southern districts of the State – Bijapur, Sukma,
Dantewada, Bastar, Kondagaon, Narayanpur and Kanker –
of Chhattisgarh. Despite mounting SF successes in this
region, Bastar continues to be the ‘mainstay’ of the Maoist
movement, and it is here that the battle against the Maoists
would be won or lost. The largest proportion of current
violence is reported from just three Districts in Bastar
– Sukma, Bijapur and Dantewada – which constitute the
nucleus of the Maoist movement. Of these, Sukma shares
its border with Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha,
while Bijapur shares its border with Maharashtra and Telangana.
Dantewada abuts Narayanpur, Bijapur, Sukma and Bastar.
Interestingly, in 2015 all the eight major
incidents (each involving three or
more than three fatalities) in Chhattisgarh, have been
reported from these three Districts. Across India, a total
of 14 major LWE-linked incidents have been reported in
2015, as of November 29.
Total
fatalities in LWE-related violence in Sukma, Bijapur and
Dantewada Districts: 2012-2015
Year
|
Sukma
|
Bijapur
|
Dantewada
|
Chhattisgarh
Total
|
%
of Fatalities in Three Districts
|
2012
|
16
|
47
|
13
|
108
|
70.37
|
2013
|
56
|
36
|
5
|
128
|
75.78
|
2014
|
41
|
37
|
10
|
113
|
77.87
|
2015
|
36
|
36
|
15
|
112
|
79.67
|
Total
|
149
|
156
|
43
|
461
|
75.48
|
Source:
SATP, * Data till November 29, 2015
|
The data
indicates that, since 2012, there has been a gradual increase
and concentration of fatalities in these three Districts,
which have collectively contributed to 75.48 percent of
the total fatalities in the State between 2012 and 2015.
Further,
arrest (191) and surrender (130) data
confirms that it is becoming progressively more difficult
for the Maoists to operate freely even in this erstwhile
stronghold, as SFs gradually penetrate into their spheres
of dominance. The Maoists have also been hit hard by internal
strife and mistrust as evident from
several incidents of fratricide.
Tactically,
SFs appear to be moving gradually towards specific intelligence
based surgical strikes, rather than large scale mobilisation
of forces for area domination. Interestingly, in both
the Faraspal (November 24) and Kolayiguda (November 19)
incidents, small action teams of SFs disguised as villagers
successfully ambushed Maoist squads and recovered the
bodies too. Better
flows of intelligence from Maoist
stronghold areas have enabled the tactical shift.
In a decisive
step to encourage more Maoists to surrender, the Chhattisgarh
Government has made significant additions to the “surrender
and rehabilitation policy” for Maoists in the State. The
additions range from the possibility of all previous cases
being removed from the record to housing for surrendered
Maoists, and compensation for ammunition apart from the
weapons surrendered. “Anybody who now surrenders with
a mortar will be given 2.5 lakh rupees, Rs 5,000 for a
wireless set, Rs 3,000 for an IED, and Rs 5 per bullet
or ammunition,” a senior official disclosed. It has also
been decided that, upon surrender “the individual will
be watched for six months, and if his behaviour is deemed
to be good”, he will be liable for a government job. A
Cabinet Subcommittee “may also take back criminal cases
against him.”
The Maoists’
cumulative strategic errors since 2004, and progressive
consolidation by SFs, have tremendously eroded Maoist
capacities and capabilities across the country, and including
their ‘heartland’ areas. It is in Chhattisgarh that they
retain their last surviving bastions, and these are also
crumbling rapidly.
|
Weekly Fatalities: Major
Conflicts in South Asia
November 23-29,
2015
|
Civilians
|
Security
Force Personnel
|
Terrorists/Insurgents
|
Total
|
BANGLADESH
|
|
Islamist Terrorism
|
1
|
0
|
3
|
4
|
INDIA
|
|
Assam
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
Jammu and
Kashmir
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
8
|
Meghalaya
|
2
|
0
|
3
|
5
|
Left-Wing
Extremism
|
|
Chhattisgarh
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
4
|
Maharashtra
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
Odisha
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
Total (INDIA)
|
6
|
1
|
13
|
20
|
PAKISTAN
|
|
Balochistan
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
5
|
FATA
|
2
|
3
|
25
|
30
|
KP
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
Punjab
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
4
|
Sindh
|
1
|
0
|
7
|
8
|
PAKISTAN
(Total)
|
|
|
|
|
Provisional
data compiled from English language media sources.
|
BANGLADESH
The
path
of
terrorism
and
suicide
bombing
is
not
the
right
one
for
a
true
Muslim',
says
Prime
Minister
Sheikh
Hasina
Wajed:
Prime
Minister
Sheikh
Hasina
Wajed
a
on
November
26
said
that
the
path
of
terrorism
and
suicide
bombing
is
not
the
right
one
for
a
true
Muslim.
She
said,
"Terrorism
and
suicide
[bombing]
is
not
the
path
of
a
real
Muslim...
killing
people
inside
a
mosque
is
not
the
way
of
a
genuine
Muslim.
Those
who
commit
such
crimes
are
of
perverted
mentality.
If
it
happens,
there'll
be
attacks
on
the
Muslims
and
their
lives
would
get
tormented.
So,
all
will
have
to
stay
alert
about
such
offences."
The
Daily
Star,
November
27,
2015.
Nation
had
started
getting
rid
of
stigma
of
impunity
through
completion
of
trial
and
execution
of
war
criminals,
says
Prime
Minister
Sheikh
Hasina
Wajed:
Prime
Minister
Sheikh
Hasina
on
November
23
said
that
the
nation
had
started
getting
rid
of
the
stigma
of
impunity
through
the
completion
of
trial
and
execution
of
war
criminals.
She
said,
"Ziaur
Rahman
did
not
try
the
war
criminals.
We
tried
and
executed
the
war
criminals.
I
think
through
the
trial
and
execution
of
the
war
criminals
the
victims'
family
members
will
at
least
get
some
consolation.
If
we
cannot
end
the
trial
of
war
criminals,
the
nation
will
never
be
freed
from
curse."
Dhaka
Tribune,
November
25,
2015.
INDIA
Islamic
State
may
carry
out
'lone
wolf'
terror
attacks
in
India,
warns
Union
Minister
of
State
for
Home
Affairs
Kiren
Rijiju:
Islamic
State
(IS)
may
carry
out
terror
strikes
anywhere
in
the
country
using
a
single
terrorist
also
known
as
'lone
wolf'
to
create
a
mayhem,
Union
minister
of
State
for
Home
Affairs
Kiren
Rijiju
stated
on
November
26.
"Challenges
are
there.
We
have
to
accept
that
it
is
a
reality.
The
threat
is
there,"
Kiren
Rijiju
said.
Times
of
India,
November
27,
2015.
Hafiz
Saeed
touring
terror
camps
on
IB
to
provoke
militants,
says
IG
BSF
Jammu
Frontiers:
Inspector
General
(IG),
Border
Security
Force
(BSF),
Jammu
Frontiers,
Rakesh
Sharma
on
November
26
said
that
Jamaat-ud
Dawa
(JuD)
chief
Hafiz
Saeed
is
touring
terrorist
camps
along
the
border
and
"repeatedly
provoking"
militants
to
carry
out
attacks
in
India.
Sharma
said
Pakistan's
Security
Forces
(SFs)
are
allowing
Saeed
to
"openly
operate"
in
the
border
areas
to
indoctrinate
terrorist
groups
allegedly
in
connivance
with
some
of
the
Pakistan's
agencies.
Daily
Excelsior,
November
28,
2015.
"Substantial
increase"
in
cross
border
firing
along
the
Western
frontier
largely
aimed
at
pushing
the
terrorists
inside
the
country,
says
BSF
chief
D
K
Pathak:
The
Director
General
of
Border
Security
Force
(BSF)
said
on
November
27
that
there
has
been
a
"substantial
increase"
in
cross
border
firing
along
the
Western
frontier
which
was
largely
aimed
at
pushing
the
terrorists
inside
the
country.
He
stated
that
there
have
been
"desperate"
and
"daring"
bids
from
Pakistan
side
by
terrorists
to
infiltrate
and
such
attempts
have
seen
a
considerable
jump
this
year.
Daily
Excelsior,
November
28,
2015.
Northeast
indigenous
groups
call
for
strike
demanding
separate
statehood:
Various
indigenous
groups'
of
Northeast
who
have
been
demanding
separate
statehood
called
on
a
general
strike
on
December
16.
The
strike
will
be
observed
at
various
places
in
the
region
where
the
statehood
demand
is
at
its
peak.
Narendra
Chandra
Debbarma,
President
of
the
Indigenous
People's
Front
of
Twipra
(IPFT),
said
that
the
National
Federation
for
New
States
has
given
the
bandh
call
as
the
Centre
has
failed
to
respond
to
their
demand.
The
Sentinel,
November
27,
2015.
PAKISTAN
Unidentified
elements
in
Pakistan
and
Afghanistan
major
sources
of
terrorist
financing,
says
US
report:
Unidentified
elements
in
Pakistan
and
Afghanistan
are
major
sources
of
terrorist
financing,
says
a
report
by
the
United
States
(US)
Treasury
Department
on
November
23.
The
report
-
"Terrorist
Financing
Risk
Assessment,
2015,
-
notes
that
the
Haqqani
Network
generates
funds
by
a
wide
range
of
sources
including
businesses
and
proceeds
derived
from
criminal
activities
such
as
smuggling,
extortion,
and
kidnapping
for
ransom
in
Afghanistan
and
Pakistan.
Dawn,
November
24,
2015.
Won't
let
Pakistan
become
a
'liberal'
state,
says
JUI-F
chief
Maulana
Fazlur
Rehman:
Jama'at
Ulema-e-Islam-Fazl
(JUI-F)
chief
Maulana
Fazlur
Rehman
while
addressing
a
Conference
in
Larkana
District
of
Sindh
on
November
29
vowed
not
to
let
Pakistan
become
a
'liberal'
state.
He
said
that
Islam
is
the
true
identity
for
Pakistanis
all
across
the
globe.
The
News,
November
30,
2015.
Karachi
operation
will
be
further
intensified,
says
Federal
Minister
of
Interior
Chaudhry
Nisar
Ali
Khan:
The
Federal
Minister
of
Interior
Chaudhry
Nisar
Ali
Khan
on
November
28
said
that
the
law
and
order
situation
in
Karachi
had
improved
considerably
since
the
beginning
of
the
ongoing
operation,
which
would
be
further
intensified.
Nisar
said
the
crackdown
was
launched
with
the
consent
of
all
political
parties,
including
the
Muttahida
Qaumi
Movement
(MQM)
and
Pakistan
People's
Party
(PPP).
Tribune,
November
30,
2015.
Islamic
State
doesn't
exist
in
Pakistan,
claims
Punjab
Law
Minister
Rana
Sanaullah:
Punjab
Law
Minister
Rana
Sanaullah
on
November
23
claimed
that
the
Islamic
State
does
not
exist
in
Pakistan.
He
stated
that
some
proscribed
organisations
are
using
its
name,
but
the
Counter
Terrorism
Department
(CTD)
is
chasing
militants.
Dawn,
November
24,
2015.
SRI
LANKA
Jaffna
'remembers'
slain
LTTE
cadres
on
'Great
Heroes'
Day':
'Great
Heroes
Day
(Maaveerar
Naal)',
which
commemorates
the
slain
Liberation
Tigers
of
Tamil
Eelam
(LTTE)
cadres,
passed
without
incident
in
the
Tamil-speaking
parts
of
Sri
Lanka's
Northern
and
Eastern
Provinces
on
November
27.
Even
the
funeral
of
18-year-old
Rajeswaran
Senthooran
who
apparently
committed
suicide
demanding
an
independent
Eelam
and
the
rehabilitation
and
release
of
detained
LTTE
suspects
was
peaceful.
It
was
not
a
huge
public
affair
as
such
funerals
have
been
a
few
years
ago.
New Indian
Express,
November
28,
2015.
The South
Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR) is a weekly service that
brings you regular data, assessments and news briefs on
terrorism, insurgencies and sub-conventional warfare, on
counter-terrorism responses and policies, as well as on
related economic, political, and social issues, in the South
Asian region.
SAIR is a project
of the Institute
for Conflict Management
and the
South
Asia Terrorism Portal.
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