Jaish-e-Mohammed
(Army of the Prophet)

The Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) has been held responsible for the December 13, 2001 terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament in New Delhi. The outfit has been banned by the Indian government under provisions of the Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) on October 25, 2001. The US Secretary of State, Colin Powell, in a notification on December 26, 2001, designated the outfit as a foreign terrorist organistation.

1. Formation

The Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) is a relatively new terrorist outfit, compared to other major outfits active in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). Like the Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT), the JeM too is an outfit formed, controlled and manned by Pakistan. The outfit was launched on January 31, 2000, by Maulana Masood Azhar in Karachi after he was released from an Indian jail during the terrorists for hostage swap of December 31, 1999, following the hijacking of the Indian Airlines Flight IC 814.

The formation of the outfit was endorsed by three religious school chiefs, Mufti Nizamuddin Shamzai of the Majlis-e-Tawan-e-Islami (MT), Maulana Mufti Rashid Ahmed of the Dar-ul Ifta-e-wal-Irshad and Maulana Sher Ali of the Sheikh-ul-Hadith Dar-ul Haqqania.

The outfit’s creation can be linked to the popularity surrounding Masood Azhar after his release from India. Maulana Masood Azhar was the general secretary of the newly established Harkat-ul-Ansar (HuA) in 1994 and was on a 'mission' in J&K when he was arrested on February 11. When he was released, the HuA had been included in the US list of Foreign Terrorist Organisations which had compelled the outfit to rename itself as the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM). However, Masood Azhar decided to float the new outfit JeM rather than rejoin his old outfit. He was also reported to have received assistance in setting up the JeM from Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the then Taliban regime in Afghanistan, Osama bin Laden and several Sunni sectarian outfits of Pakistan.

2. Objectives

The Jaish-e-Mohammed is part of the Islamist terror network with its base in Pakistan and active in the terrorist violence in J&K. The outfit, like other terrorist outfits in J&K, claims to using violence to force a withdrawal of Indian security forces from J&K. The outfit claims that each of its offices in Pakistan would serve as schools of jihad. Delivering speeches at various cities and towns in Pakistan after his release, Masood Azhar threatened that the outfit would eliminate Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee who he termed as 'Abu Jahl’ (Father of Ignorance). In its fight against India, he added that the outfit would not only "liberate" Kashmir, but also would take control of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya, Amritsar and Delhi.

3. Leadership and Command Structure

Masood Azhar, the Amir (chief) of the outfit was arrested by Pakistani security forces on December 29, 2001, after pressure from India and other foreign countries following the December 13, 2001 attack on India’s parliament. However, a three-member Review Board of Lahore High Court ordered on December 14, 2002, that Azhar be released.

There are no reports of any formal governing bodies or councils within the outfit. Unconfirmed reports indicate that the prominent office bearers of the organisation include

1. Maulana Masood Azhar – Amir

2. Maulana Qari Mansoor Ahmed – Nazim Propaganda Wing (he is a resident of Bhurewala, Punjab)

3. Maulana Abdul Jabbar – Nazim, Military Affairs (Former Nazim military affairs, (HuM)

4. Maulana Sajjad Usman – incharge, Finance (Former HuM Nazim Finance)

5. Shah Nawaz Khan alias Sajjid Jehadi & Gazi Baba – Chief Commander J&K (Former Supreme Commander HuM, J&K)

6. Maulana Mufti Mohd. Asghar – Launching Commander (Former Launching Commander of HuM)

4. Operational Strategies

Most Jaish-e-Mohammed attacks have been described as fidayeen (suicide terrorist) attacks. In this mode, terrorists of the outfit storm a high security target, including security forces' bases, camps and convoys. After storming, they either fortify themselves within the target, killing as many security force personnel and civilians as possible before they are killed by retaliatory action. In other cases, they kill and injure as many as possible before attempting to escape.

5. Area of Operation

The Jaish-e-Mohammed has largely confined its operations within J&K. The only recorded instance of its operations outside J&K has been the December 13, 2001, Parliament attack in New Delhi. However, several of its cadre have, on occasions been arrested or killed by security forces in states other than J&K.

6. External Linkages

The outfit is closely linked, through the Binoria Madrassah in Karachi, with the former Taliban regime of Afghanistan and its Portege,Osama bin Laden and his Al-Qaeda. JeM chief, Masood Azhar was released by Indian authorities in Kandahar and has reportedly met Taliban and Al Qaeda leaders in Afghanistan on various occasions.

The JeM is also reported to have links with Sunni terrorist outfits operating in Pakistan such as the Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP)and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ).

7. Major Incidents

2009

• December 9: Security Agencies arrested six people, three foreigners among them, for their alleged links with banned religious outfit Jaish-i-Mohammed and for planning a terrorist attack in Sargodha of Punjab. Among the suspects were two Egyptians, one Yemeni, two Pakistani-Americans and a local. Sources said that these five militants were arrested from the house of one of the suspects in Aziz Bhatti Town. Two computers and some jihadi literature were recovered. The Pakistani-Americans were identified as Omer Farooq and Waqar.

• November 22: Out of the two infiltrators killed by the Army at Balakote sector on November 21, one of them has been identified as a youth from Rajouri District, absconding from his house since October 2002. The SFs are reported to have recovered two Pakistani SIM cards from the possession of the slain militants. He was reportedly absconding from his house since October 4, 2002 and was said to have crossed over to Pakistan. He was associated with the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) outfit and underwent training in different camps in PoK and Pakistan.

• November 21: An infiltration bid was foiled by the SFs, killing two intruders and forcing their associates to retrieve to Pakistan occupied Kashmir (PoK) in the Balakote sector of Poonch District. However, in the process, one trooper was also killed and two others injured. Intercepts revealed that a group of five to seven militants of JeM outfit were launched from Dandot area of PoK (half of Dandot village falls in PoK) in the night of November 20 by Pakistan Army, which fired on the Indian posts at Tarkundi, adjacent to Dandot, to give covering fire to the militants and engage troops in firing to divert their attention from intrusion. One Pika gun, one AK-47 rifle fitted with an Under Barrel Grenade Launcher, one 12 bore gun, a binocular, one Improvised Explosive Device, one grenade, six AK magazines, two medicine kits and some eatables were recovered from the possession of the slain militants. The slain trooper was identified as Rifleman Suresh Kumar of Rajasthan Rifles (7th Battalion).

• October 29: Two Pakistani militants of the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) outfit, including a ‘divisional commander’ and his body-guard, were killed inside the house where they had been trapped since October 28-night at Sarhuti Top in the Mendhar tehsil (revenue unit) of Poonch District in the early hours of October 29. A Government teacher, Mohammad Mushtaq, who had reportedly given shelter to the militants in his house, has been arrested by the Police. The house was completely destroyed in the fire as explosives stored inside caught fire after being hit by rocket launchers leading to a major blaze. The slain militants were identified as ‘divisional commander’ Abdul Sattar alias Babbar alias Omar and his body-guard Shahid Khan alias Shahid. Recoveries made from the encounter site include two AK-47 rifles, one Chinese pistol, one wireless set and two AK magazines. According to official sources, Babbar was operating in the twin border districts of Poonch and Rajouri for the last eight years. He was among the militants present in Bhatti Dhar forests encounter in Poonch which had lasted for 11 days from January 1, 2009. Sources also said Babbar was second-in-command after the Jaish chief for Poonch and Rajouri Districts, Dawood, who had been headquartered at Pir Panjal range.

• September 28: A young duo of brother and sister shot dead a Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) 'commander' Osama, a Pakistani, and injured his two associates and also snatched two AK rifles of the militants while thwarting an attack on their house at Upper Shahdara Sharief in the Kalsian area of Rajouri District in the night of September 27. In the scuffle, two brothers, who were a target of the militants, were also injured. Police sources and eye-witness account revealed that three militants, including Osama, knocked at the house of Gujjar Noor Ahmad at 9pm and also dragged out Vakalat Hussain, Noor's younger brother living adjacent and forced their entry inside Noor''s house. After questioning the two brothers, the militants assaulted 46-year old Noor Ahmed, his wife, Rashida Begum and Vakalat Hussain, describing them as agents of the SFs. In the meantime, Noor's 20-year old son Aijaz Ahmad attacked Osama on his head from the back while 17-year old Ruksana fired from an AK-47 rifle of the militant. Osama was killed on the spot. The brother-sister duo also managed to snatch another AK rifle from the militant and also assaulted the two other militants, who escaped in an injured condition.

• September 25: Police arrested a JeM militant from the Bus Stand area of Jammu city and recovered hawala (informal money laundering system) money, mobile handsets and SIM cards from his possession. The militant, identified as Zubair Ahmad, a resident of Mendhar town in Poonch District, was arrested soon after he reached the city from Mendhar. Zubair was a close associate of the JeM 'divisional commander' Dawood Ahmed, presently operation from Mendhar.

• September 13: The JeM has walled off a 4.5-acre compound outside Bahawalpur in the Punjab province of Pakistan. However, a report added that authorities have ignored the construction despite reports that the compound might be a radical madrassa (seminary) or training camp, with senior Police officials claiming there is no militancy problem in southern Punjab.

• September 6: The Police shot dead a Pakistani militant of the Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM), Chota Saad alias Umair, and arrested a District commander of the outfit, Ishfaq Ahmad Sofi alias Ishfaq, during two related anti-militancy operations in the Sopore area of Baramulla District. Two AK-47 rifles, one hand grenade and some ammunition were recovered from the encounter site. Official sources the two militants were involved in carrying out series of grenade attacks in Sopore town, including one on August 10, 2009 on Central Reserve Police Force camp at Plaza Hotel Sopore in which one shopkeeper was killed. They were also involved in several grenade attacks in Srinagar City, besides killing Reshma Jan alias Zahida on June 16, 2009 in model town of Sopore.

• August 5: The Government announced that 25 extremist and militant groups and welfare organisations affiliated to them have so far been banned because of their involvement in terrorist activities. In a written reply submitted on August 5 in response to a question in the National Assembly, Interior Minister Rehman Malik said the banned organisations included Al Qaeda, SMP, Tehrik Nifaz-i-Fiqah Jafaria, SSP, JuD, Al Akhtar Trust, Al Rasheed Trust (ART), Tehrik-i-Islami, JeM, LeJ, TTP, Islamic Students Movement, Khairun Nisa International Trust, Tehrik-i-Islam Pakistan, Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM), LeT, Lashkar-i-Islam, Balochistan Liberation Army, Jamiat-i-Ansar, Jamiatul Furqan, Hizbut Tehrir, Khuddam-i-Islam and Millat-i-Islamia Pakistan.

• August 1: Suspected Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) militants opened fired targeting Police and Central Reserve Police Force personnel, killing a Policeman and seriously injuring two CRPF personnel in capital Srinagar.

• July 6: The CID of the Sindh Police arrested a militant of the banned outfit JeM from Hyderabad. Abid Hussain was an absconder in the assassination case of a Hindu businessman Gardesh Kumar since 2007. CID Superintendent of Police, Mazhar Mashwani, told after killing Kumar, the militant had managed to escape during an encounter with the Police during a raid in Hyderabad in 2007. Since then, he went into hiding, while the Police arrested his father and brother, who pointed out the location where Kumar’s body was buried.

• June 29: Police in PoK has revealed that groups like the LeT and JeM are shifting bases to PoK following clampdown on their activities in the wake of the Mumbai terrorist attacks of November 26, 2008. In a confidential report submitted to the Government of Pakistan, PoK Police has said these groups have acquired large pieces of land in and around PoK capital of Muzaffarabad and are pursuing a "jehadi" agenda under the garb of religious activities. "After the ban imposed on the JuD, the front of LeT by the UNSC, Pakistan forces had taken control of their offices... The activities of the outfit had gone underground for some months, but have again become active," the BBC quoted the report as saying. The report said that the JuD has constructed a mosque, a school and a dispensary on the land acquired by them in Dulasi and further construction is on.

The PoK Police report also mentions the activities of other jihadi groups like the JeM and HuM which have also constructed madrassas (seminaries) near Muzaffarabad. The JeM has also set up an office and seminary near Muzaffarabad. Police has noted that most of the activities of the militant groups have been observed in Neelam Valley, near the Line of Control. Extremist organisations have also reportedly set up offices in Kandil Shahi.

• June 29: The Lahore Police claimed arresting seven terrorists linked to the JeM and TTP and recovering explosives and weapons. According to a handout by the Capital City Police office, the Police arrested the terrorists from T-4 Ali Park, Bund Road Lahore after a brief exchange of fire. It said the men planned to launch terrorist attacks in the city. The handout said the suspects were arrested at a check-post near Shera Kot bus station. They were identified as Karim Bukhsh, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Younas, Shafaqat Farooqi and Hafiz Muhammad Ijaz. The police said two rifles, three pistols, 22 kilograms of explosives and bullets were recovered. It also said the arrested suspects informed Police about their three accomplices residing in the Bund Road area. The Police subsequently raided their hideout and arrested Shehzad and Ijaz Mahmood. However, Muhammad Ramazan, a resident of Rahim Yar Khan, managed to escape. The Police recovered 12 kg of explosives from the suspects' hideout.

• June 24: Police arrested Aabid alias Assadullah Bhai, a self-styled battalion commander of the JeM, from the Sopore area of Baramulla District, official sources said in capital Srinagar. Aabid, a resident of Peshawar in Pakistan, was active in Sopore and adjoining areas for the last two years and was involved in many militancy-related activities, they said. One Chinese pistol, a magazine and four rounds were recovered from his possession.

• April 13: The 36 hour-long operations in Pulwama District ended with the SFs killing another militant. The SFs later recovered dead bodies of both the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) militants holed up in a residential house of Aglar Kandi area. Inspector General of Police, B. Srinivas, said, "The encounter has ended and both the militants belonging to JeM have been killed. One Army captain sustained injuries in the operation," Both the slain militants were Pakistani citizens and identified as Afaaq and Babar, he added further. Two AK series rifles and some other material were recovered from the site of encounter.

• April 12: A militant of the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) was killed and an Army officer injured in an encounter in the Pulwama District. A gun battle broke out in Aglar Kandi area after SFs launched a search operation in the area, official sources said. They said one militant was killed in the firefight so far. One Army officer of the rank of Captain was also injured in the gun battle. According to intelligence inputs, the two militants belong to JeM and are residents of Pakistan. They have been identified as Afaq and Baber. One residential house suffered extensive damage while three other houses were partially damaged in an encounter.

• March 31: A soldier, Sepoy Rumpum Gogi, who was injured in the encounter with the Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) militants in Kamla forests in the Tral area of Pulwama District, succumbed to injuries at 92 Base hospital of the Army at Badami Bagh Cantonment on March 30, a Police spokesman said. He also said the second militant killed in the encounter has been identified as 'district commander' Azhar alias Usman, a resident of Faisalabad in Pakistan. The other militant killed in the encounter was a local resident.

• March 29: Meanwhile, the two militants killed in an encounter in Kamla forests of Tral in Pulwama District a day earlier have been identified as local cadres of the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM). One of the slain militants has been identified as Azad Ahmad Bhat, a resident of Dadsara village. Two assault rifles, six magazines, 89 rounds and two grenades were recovered from the possession of the slain militants.

• March 25: The Australian Government on March 16 re-listed six groups as terrorist organisations under the Criminal Code, following advice from Australia's security agencies. The re-listing ensures that it remains an offence to associate with, train with, provide training for, receive funds from, make funds available to, direct or recruit for these organisations. The outfits that have been re-listed are: Ansar al Islam (formerly Ansar al-Sunna); Asbat al Ansar; Islamic Army of Aden; Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan; JeM; and LeJ.

• February 5: Several banned militant groups met in Muzaffarabad, the Pakistan occupied Kashmir capital, and pledged to continue the jihad to "liberate" Kashmir from India. The meeting was organised by a previously unknown group, Tehreek-e-Azadi Jammu and Kashmir, on the eve of "Kashmir Solidarity Day". Groups affiliated to the United Jihad Council (UJC), the umbrella organisation of more than a dozen militant outfits, were in attendance including the Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM), the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM). The meeting took place at Chattar, a neighbourhood that reportedly houses Government offices, top Government functionaries and political VIPs. The local administration did not prevent the event, held under a tent on a main road. However, there was no comment from the Pakistan Government on the meeting.

• January 8: The ten-day long operation by the SFs which targeted about a dozen commanders of the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) outfit in Bhati Dhar forests of Mendhar in Poonch District came to an abrupt end in the evening of January 8 with all militants managing to escape. Army sources confirmed that the operation has been called off and all militants, who were being searched for last 10 days, might have escaped. "The operation, which had started on December 30 afternoon in dense Bhati Dhar forests, is off. All militants were reported to have escaped taking advantage of rugged terrain and prevailing climatic conditions in the area", they said. This was the longest ever anti-militancy operation in Jammu region in two decades.

  Police arrested two more civilians taking the total number of arrests made from Bhati Dhar surroundings for helping JeM militants in converting cave hide-outs into bunkers to four. The two civilians were identified as Mohammed Bashir and Mohammed Iqbal, both residents of village Thera in Bhati Dhar. Earlier, Police had arrested a retired Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police and a woman for assisting the militants.

• January 5: While an encounter between the SFs and JeM militants in Bein forests of Bhati Dhar in Poonch District entered the sixth day, two SF personnel sustained splinter injuries in the intermittent firing by the holed up militants. The militants, who are at the position on higher peaks of the densely forested mountainous belt of Bhati Dhar, are reportedly firing intermittently mostly during the night and early hours. Three SF personnel and four militants have been killed so far in the encounter that began on January 1.

• January 3: A Special Police Officer (SPO), Naresh Kumar, was killed in the continuing encounter between SFs and two absconding Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) militants at Bhati Dhar forests in the Mendhar tehsil of Poonch District. With the killing of SPO, the death toll in the three-day long encounter has reached seven.

• January 2: Four top militants of the JeM were killed in a fierce three-day long gun-battle at Bhati Dhar forests in the Mendhar tehsil (revenue division) of Poonch District. While two Army soldiers and a militant were killed on January 1, three militants were killed on January 2. Official sources said bodies of two soldiers, who were missing in the encounter, were recovered in the morning of January 2. They have been identified as Subedar Rakesh Kumar Singh and Naik K. P. Singh. While one of the militants was killed in the night of January 1 after he came out of the hideout firing on the Army personnel, his three associates were killed on January 2 when their hideout was blasted with a powerful bomb. A large quantity of arms, ammunition, explosives, wireless set, mobile telephones and literature was also destroyed along with the hideout.

• January 1: Two Army soldiers and a Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) 'area commander' were killed in a gun-battle at Bhati Dhar forests in the Chatral area of Mendhar sub-division in Poonch District while a group of five militants was still trapped in the area. Official sources said troops of Rashtriya Rifles and Special Operations Group personnel had cordoned off Bhati Dhar forests two days back after receiving specific information that a group of six JeM militants had taken shelter there. In the evening of January 1, the militants reportedly opened fire on Army personnel, who retaliated. In the subsequent encounter between the two sides which continued for more than two hours, two soldiers and JeM 'area commander' Abdul Gul were killed.

2008

• December 18: The Foreign Ministry has said that the JeM chief Maulana Masood Azhar "is wanted by the law enforcement authorities of Pakistan and is at large." The clarification came after Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi told a television channel that Azhar was among the "important people" who had been taken into custody. A few hours earlier, Pakistan High Commissioner to India Shahid Malik told that his Government was still looking for Azhar. "He is not under house arrest. As far as I know, [the report of his house arrest] is wrong. He is not in Pakistan... We don’t know where he is," Malik said. Last week, Pakistan Defence Minister Ahmed Mukhtar told that Azhar had been "picked up." These statements came after Pakistani authorities had "confined" Azhar to his home in Bahawalpur in Punjab province.

• December 17: Authorities have reportedly claimed neutralizing a clandestine terror network set up by the jailed killer of Daniel Pearl inside the Hyderabad Jail and the Sindh Government has suspended senior Police and jail officials after a large number of cell phones, SIMs and other equipment were recovered. Highly-placed Interior Ministry sources told that the jailed terrorist, JeM cadre Ahmed Omar Sheikh, had also threatened General Pervez Musharraf on his personal cell phone in the second week of November 2008 and planned to get him assassinated by a suicide bomber. The caller reportedly told Musharraf: "I am after you, get ready to die." Subsequent investigations by the authorities revealed the threatening phone call was made by someone from the Hyderabad Central Jail. Being a suspect, Omar Sheikh was placed under observation before it transpired that he was the one who had threatened the former president.

• December 8: The Pakistani authorities have placed restrictions on the movement of Maulana Masood Azhar, chief of the outlawed JeM, by confining him to his multi-storeyed concrete compound in the Model Town area of Bahawalpur in Punjab province,. Official sources said Azhar’s activities have been restricted in the wake of the India’s recent demand to hand him over to New Delhi. Adviser on Interior Rehman Malik said in Islamabad last week that India has given to Pakistan a list of three persons—Maulana Masood Azhar, Dawood Ibrahim and Tiger Memon—for their immediate extradition.

  India has reportedly sought the arrest and extradition of Masood Azhar while citing a 1989 agreement signed by the director-general of the CBI and the director-general of the FIA which binds both the agencies to collaborate with each other, to trace out the most wanted terrorists and criminals and hand them over to their respective counterpart. Azhar is wanted by the CBI for his alleged involvement in the 2001 attacks on Indian parliament.

• November 20: An official spokesman said that two militants of the JeM were killed in a joint operation of the police and army in the Daril-Vilgam village of Kupwara district. The slain militants were identified as Shamsher alias Showkat Bhai and Irfan alias Abu Talib, both residents of Pakistan. Two AK rifles and other arms and ammunition were recovered from the slain militants.

• October 14: In Srinagar, Police arrested four persons involved in grenade attacks and recovered arms and ammunition from their possession. They were in close contact with chief operational commander of the JeM, namely Pasha, who had given them instructions to lob grenades in Srinagar City.

• October 9: Security forces shot dead the 'chief commander' of the Pakistan-based JeM, identified as Zaheer Ahmad alias Pasha, and his accomplice, Saifullah alias Shoukat Bhai alias Faisal, during a five-hour gun battle in the Sopore area of Baramulla district. The duo were Pakistani nationals. Two AK assault rifles and some ammunition were recovered from the possession of the slain militants of Faisalabad, Pakistan

• September 27: The continuing encounter at Kenigam in the Pakharpora-Rajpora belt of south Kashmir ended and the dead bodies of both the holed up JeM militants were recovered. The slain militants were identified as Shaukat Ahmed Dar of Pulwama, and Adnan Bhai of Balochistan in Pakistan. Three Army personnel and a civilian sustained injuries in the gunbattle. Later an explosion occurred when residents were clearing the rubble injuring 16 persons.

• September 25: A JeM militant, identified as Showkat was killed in another ongoing operation at village Kenigam near Pakharpora in the Budgam-Pulwama belt. Another accomplice of the dead militant, identified as Adnan was still fighting the forces.

• September 7: Security forces (SFs) killed a ‘divisional commander’ of the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) outfit, Barkatullah Ansari a.k.a. Hyder of Muzaffarabad in Pakistan occupied Kashmir, during an encounter that ensued after a cordon-and-search operation at Warpora in the Baramulla district. Officials said that three SF personnel sustained injuries in the incident. They added that Ansari was a key co-ordinator between different militant outfits in north Kashmir apart from being involved in a number of attacks on the SFs and civilians in the Sopore-Bandipora region.

• July 27: SFs killed two militants - Abdullah, 'Battalion Commander' of the Lashkar-e-Toiba and Abu Baker of Jaish-e-Mohammed - in an encounter at village Gujarpati Surigam in the Kupwara district. Abdullah was reportedly involved in killing of two policemen in the Sogam area of Kupwara district in May 2008.

• July 16: Two militants of the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) outfit and a Special Police Officer of the Jammu and Kashmir Police were killed and approximately 22 security force personnel sustained injuries in an 18-hour-long gun-battle at Warpora village on the Sopore-Bandipora Road. Officials later said that the slain militants were identified as Hilal Ahmed Sofi of Warpora and a Pakistani militant, namely Ali Mohammad Raza.

• July 4: One JeM militant was killed by troops during an encounter between village Barpora and Wagahama in the Pulwama district. While one Pakistani militant, Shabir Ahmad alias Arsalan, managed to escape in injured condition, an AK 47 rifle and two magazines were recovered from the encounter site.

• June 16: During a routine checking, SFs arrested three JeM militants at Shokbaba Bandipora in the Baramula district. The SFs also recovered three hand grenades from their possession.

• June 9: The security forces foiled an attempt by some militants of the JeM, HuM and HM to indoctrinate and recruit five youth of Sopore area in the Baramulla District into jehad and other anti-national activities. The youths were likely to be sent to Pakistan Occupied Kashmir for acquiring arms and training in guerrilla warfare.

• May 23: The troops launched a search operation in the Panzu area and arrested a militant of the JeM, identified as Bilal Ahmed Chopan. Three Chinese grenades, one AK magazine and six rounds of AK ammunition were recovered from his possession.

• May 17: The SFs in an encounter at Laru Jageer in the Tral area of Pulwama district killed six JeM militants while at least four militants, two of them injured, managed to escape. Two of the dead militants were identified as the top wanted JeM 'district commander' Waseem Hassan Ahanger alias Qari Asif and his close associate Mohammad Yousuf Bhat alias Prince. While Qari Asif was active since 2004 and was operating in the Tral area, Prince was reportedly active since 2007 in the Awantipora and Tral areas.

• April 24: Superintendent of Police in Handwara, Dr. Haseeb Mughal, said that about 30 militants of the LeT and JeM were still active in the Handwara-Kandi belt of Kupwara district.

• April 23: The SFs shot dead a Pakistani militant of the JeM outfit, identified as Abu Umar, at village Nadwal in the Mendhar area of Poonch district. A body-guard of Abu Umar was reported to have escaped during the exchange of firing, sources said.

• April 22: The involvement of Pakistan-based outfits has been observed in most of the terrorist attacks in India as groups from across the border continue to sponsor terrorist and subversive activities in the country, the Union Home Ministry said in its Annual Report for 2007-08. "The hand of Pakistan-based terrorist organisations - LeT and JeM - and, increasingly of the Bangladesh-based HuJI, known to have close links with ISI, has been observed in most of these cases," the 167-page report said. The incidents showed these groups have been using sleeper cells in the country to carry out such activities, and have also been using the territory of other neighbouring countries such as Bangladesh and Nepal, it said.

• April 19: The SFs in a day long gun battle killed four heavily armed militants in the Rang forest area, about 6-km ahead of Warnow in the Kupwara district. Three of the slain militants, residents of Pakistan occupied Kashmir, were identified as Amjad Bhai, Abu Saifullah and Irshad Ahmed. While Amjad Bhai was a top wanted ‘district commander’ of the JeM who had been operating in the Lolab area for the last six years, Abu Saifullah and Arshad were both cadres of the LeT. SSP, Kupwara, Vijay Kumar, confirmed the death of four militants said that four AK rifles and a number of grenades were among the arms and ammunition seized at the site of the encounter.

• April 11: JeM and LeT, the Pakistan-based terrorist groups, are among the 44 outfits designated as 'Foreign Terrorist Organisations' (FTO) by the US. Besides these two, other groups active in India - the Bangladesh-based Harkat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami and Pakistan-based HuM - are also in the FTO list issued by the office of the coordinator for counter terrorism of the US Department of State.

• April 2: SFs killed two militants of the JeM outfit, identified as Abu Hussain alias Saifullah and Abu Omar, both Pakistani nationals, during an operation at Arin Dardpora in the Bandipora district.

• March 23: Pulwama Police arrested an over-ground worker of the JeM outfit, namely Mohammad Ishaq Mir, in the Pulwama town. Officials claimed that a hand grenade was recovered from his possession.

• March 9: Troops arrested three suspected JeM militants from Warpora village in the Baramulla district. The arrested were identified as Manzoor Ahmed Dar alias Jana, Ishfaq Ahmed War alias Ishkan and Abdul Rashid War. Two hand grenades were recovered from their possession.

• February 21: In a joint operation, the Jammu and Kashmir Police and Army killed three militants of the JeM in Kupwara district. Deputy Inspector General of Police (North Kashmir), B. Srinivas, informed that Police had received specific information regarding the presence of a seven-member group of JeM militants in the dense forest area of Batnar Kooligam in the snowbound Lolab valley. In the encounter that ensued after a cordon-and-search operation, three militants were killed while four others, including two injured militants, managed to escape. Srinivas said that identity of the slain militants was being ascertained with the help of informants and residents of Khurhama area, though some of them insisted that the Jaish 'commander' Pasha was among those killed.

• January 22: Maulana Abdul Jabbar, a former commander of the JeM, was arrested during a recent crackdown on extremists, said Interior Ministry sources in Pakistan. They said Jabbar was earlier arrested in 2002 for his alleged involvement in the first three suicide attacks in the country, which targeted Christian centers in Islamabad, Taxila and Murree. He was released in November 2002. He was again arrested in December 2003 in connection with attacks on President Pervez Musharraf but released in 2006 for lack of evidence, the sources said. Sources added that a security agency had detained Jabbar on suspicion of his involvement in the recent suicide attacks. However, the Interior Ministry spokesperson Javed Iqbal Cheema neither denied nor confirmed Jabbar’s arrest, saying it was not in his knowledge.

2007

• December 29-30: A 'battalion commander' of the JeM outfit, identified as Abdul Gani Dar alias Jhangvi, was killed in a fierce gun battle at Drubgam village in the Rajpora area of Pulwama district on December 29. A day later, the police recovered the dead body of another Pakistani militant, Abu Shakir, of the JeM from the encounter site.

• December 6: Pakistani militants of the JeM and LeT have joined hands with the HuJI of Bangladesh to destabilise India’s sovereignty taking the strategic advantage of the eastern border, the Director General of BSF, A. K. Mitra, said. Talking to the media in Agartala, Mitra pointed out that the western frontier of India was relatively tough for Pakistani militants but the eastern border with Bangladesh had become more useful for them and foreign militants were utilising South Bengal border for anti-Indian activities. He disclosed that 14 militants of the LeT and JeM were arrested in South Bengal border, trying to sneak into India from Bangladesh in the past six months. Speaking on the recent terrorist attacks in India, including the recent serial bomb blasts in Uttar Pradesh, Mitra said circumstantial evidence point to a kind of a joint mission by the HUJI, along with LeT and JeM.

• November 27: Two JeM militants were killed in an encounter with the SFs near Sangrama in the Sopore-Baramulla belt in north Kashmir. One of them was believed to be a local Kashmiri militant and another Pakistani national. However, both remained unidentified.

• November 16: Three suspected Pakistani JeM militants were arrested by the Special Task Force of Uttar Pradesh Police in Lucknow on a tip off that some terrorists were passing through the Tehripulia area.

• November 15: Five militants, including four Pakistani cadres of the HuM and a lone Pakistani cadre of the JeM and two soldiers were killed at Dharamwari in an encounter that lasted for over 10 hours.

• October 30: Ghulam Sarwar alias Amanullah Bukhari alias Jangi Chacha of Gujranwala, Pakistan, a 'district commander' of the JeM, was killed by the SFs in an encounter in the Bandipora district. Officials said that Bukhari was wanted in over 50 civilian killings in addition to a number of police personnel.

• October 24: SFs killed two of the top wanted Pakistani militants of the JeM outfit. SF personnel launched a cordon-and-search operation at Khoshi Mohalla Brar near Chitti Bandi village in the Bandipora district after receiving information that two militants were hiding at the residence of one Ghulam Hassan Paswal. In the ensuing encounter, SFs destroyed the target house, killing both the holed up militants, identified as 'district commander' Saquib and 'battalion commander' Abu Huzaifa alias Ghazi Baba. Two soldiers were wounded in the encounter.

• October 18: Two Pakistani militants of the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM), 'district commander' Dr Zen and his bodyguard, were killed in a gun-battle with the SFs at Lodara village in the Bandipora district However, in the capital Srinagar, a Jamiat-ul-Mujahideen spokesman claimed to news agencies that one of the militants killed was his outfit's "Battalion Commander" Abul Khair alias Mohammad Usman and another was Imran of the JeM. Officials however insisted that one was Zen and another was his bodyguard.

• October 17: Security forces foiled an infiltration bid and arrested a JeM militant, Abdul Majid Chowhan, from Dardapora Lolab in the Kupwara district.

• September 20: An Army officer, Mukesh Kumar, and one Pakistani ‘commander’ of the JeM outfit, identified as Jamal alias Bilal Bhai, were killed in an encounter between terrorists and SF personnel at Tral in the Pulwama district.

  One Pakistani ‘commander’ of the JeM outfit, identified as Amanullah Bukhari, was arrested by SF personnel during a search operation at Bandipora in the Baramulla district.

• September 17: Two top Pakistani militants of the JeM were killed in a joint operation by the SFs at Khayyar village in the Bandipore area. Inspector General of Police (Kashmir), Shiv Mohan Sahai, said that SFs launched a search operation in the area following information that three of the top wanted militants of the JeM, led by the most wanted Amanullah Bukhari, were hiding at a house. SFs later neutralized their hideout and gunned down two heavily armed militants, identified as Mohammad Tariq Khan alias Sajid and Mohammad Abu Bakr Ayayee alias Usman. However, Bukhari managed to escape.

• September 14: A suspected Pakistani cadre of the JeM was killed by SF personnel at Sodal near Handwara in the Baramulla district. While one SF personnel was wounded, five terrorists managed to escape from the incident site.

• September 4: A JeM ‘district commander’, Abdul Gani alias Abu Mavia alias Mauz, surrendered before the troops in Doda district. Senior Superintendent of Police, Manohar Singh, informed that Abu Mavia had joined militancy in 2002 and received arms training at Balakote training camp in Pakistan occupied Kashmir.

• August 30: Security forces killed a Pakistani militant of the JeM outfit, identified as Ali Raja, at Balkul Gali Top in the Kupwara district.

• August 17: Police arrested four members of the JeM network, including a woman and her daughter, from Mendhar in the Poonch district. The women, who were arrested from a hide-out at village Bhati Dhara, were identified as Zubaida Begum and her 20-year old daughter Rubeena Begum. Zubaida’s husband, Mohammed Razzaq was already under detention since the last two years for his links with the JeM. According to official sources, both the women were instrumental in shifting arms and hawala consignments for the militants.

• August 11: Special Operations Group of Jammu Police and Delhi Police, in a joint operation, gunned down JeM 'divisional commander' Saifullah Qari, a Pakistani national and mastermind behind the July 5, 2005-attack on makeshift Ram temple at the disputed Ayodhya complex in Uttar Pradesh and critically injured his associate in a house at Ramzanpura near Janipura Colony in Jammu. The injured militant has been arrested. A Delhi Police Sub Inspector Devinder Singh was also injured in the operation that lasted for half an hour.

• August 1: Troops also killed a Pakistani militant of the JeM, identified as Mohammad Talha Reyan, in an encounter at Zaloora in the Sopore area of Baramulla district.

• July 5: A militant of the JeM outfit was killed in an encounter with police at Krussan in the Kupwara district.

• May 22: Two JeM cadres, identified as 'district commander' Waseem Bhai of Pakistan and Arshid Ahmed Dar alias Umar, were killed by the SF personnel In another encounter at Kesrigam in the Kakapora area of Pulwama district. Official sources said that a soldier, Rajesh Chaudhry of the Rashtriya Rifles, also died in the gun-battle.

• May 16: The CRPF personnel arrested one over-ground worker of the JeM outfit, Farooq Ahmad, at Murran road in Pulwama.

• May 6: Pakistan-based terrorist groups, particularly the JeM and LeT, are increasingly depending on "surrogate bases" in Bangladesh, Nepal and the Middle East for movement of trained cadres and finances for their operations, indicated the Union Home Ministry. A home ministry document, based on intelligence inputs, said the Bangladesh-based HuJI, linked to the JeM and LeT, is recruiting Indian youths, sending them to Pakistan for training and re-inducting them via Bangladesh to carry out terrorist attacks. "This is evident from the Mumbai local train serial bomb blasts in which 11 Pakistanis infiltrated through the Indo-Nepal border in Bihar, Indo-Bangladesh border in West Bengal and Indo-Pakistan border in Gujarat," the report said.

• April 26: Another plot to assassinate the Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad in a suicide attack during his rally at Bandipora in the Baramulla district was foiled by police with the arrest of three militants, including a Pakistani national. A senior police officer said that a top LeT militant, Showkat Ahmed, was arrested from the capital Srinagar on April 24. During interrogation, he revealed that the LeT, JeM and HM had hatched a joint conspiracy to assassinate the Chief Minister at Bandipora during his rally. Police raided a militant hideout on the outskirts of Srinagar from where two associates of Showkat were also arrested. They included one Pakistani, Abu Sikander.

• April 21: The outlawed JeM is reportedly re-organising itself under its new commander Mufti Abdul Rauf, younger brother of the outfit's chief Maulana Masood Azhar. The JeM had established a transit camp in the capital Islamabad for its activists coming from southern Punjab and traveling to Kohat where another camp had been established. "Mufti Abdul Rauf is spearheading the re-organisation of JeM," the sources said. Rauf appeared on the scene after Maulana Azhar went underground following two suicide attacks on President General Pervez Musharraf. The camp in Islamabad is supposed to serve as the base for the outfit for its propaganda campaign and distribution of pamphlets in the tribal areas.

• March 17: A militant of JeM was arrested from village Sangoo-Narbal in Kakapora in the Pulwama district along with three hand grenades, four detonators, 700 grams of explosives and seven AK rounds.

• March 16: Rawalpindi Police said that they arrested five cadres of the banned JeM, who were on their way to the Supreme Court building, in Faizabad. The arrested men had been identified as Mohammad Jahangir, Mufti Abdul Rauf, Abdul Haleem, Atiqur Rehman and Kashif. Mohammad Jahangir and Mufti Abdul Rauf were the brothers of Maulana Masood Azhar.

• February 27: SFs killed a JeM militant, identified as Mohammad Iqbal alias Bala of Pakistan, during an encounter at Gujjarpatti Chandigam in the Kupwara district. Three of his associates reportedly managed to escape from the incident site.

• February 21: The Police control room in New Delhi received a call from a man identifying himself as spokesman of the JeM who threatened to carry out blasts in the national capital if four of its men, lodged in the Tihar jail are not released. The police reportedly has identified the number and a hunt is on to arrest the person responsible for making the call.

• February 4: Four suspected JeM militants, including a Pakistani national, are arrested following an encounter with the Delhi Police under the Ranjit Singh flyover near Connaught Place. The police recovered three kilograms of RDX, four detonators, a timer, six hand grenades, .30 bore firearm, US $ 10,000 and INR 50,000 from them. The encounter followed a tip off available with the Special Cell of the Delhi Police that some JeM members are in the Capital to carry out a major operation and they would meet near the flyover. Joint Commissioner of Police (Special Cell) Karnal Singh said the militants, identified themselves as Shahid Gafur from Sialkot in Pakistan and Bashir Ahmed, Fayaz Lone and Abdul Mazid from Jammu and Kashmir. The three Kashmiris disclosed that they arrived by the Malwa Express earlier in the day.  

• Februar 2: Islamabad police arrested 40 students of a Madrassa (seminary) in connection with a protest demonstration by the banned JeM held during the visit of an APHC delegation.

• January 20: Police have beefed up security in the Cuttack city amidst intelligence reports indicating that the JeM, Lashkar-e-Toiba LeT and SIMI cadres are planning to orchestrate a terrorist attack during the India-West Indies one-day Cricket Match at the Barabati Stadium on January 24. Official sources told that terrorists are planning to carry out attacks in Cuttack, besides Kochi (Kerala), Bhubaneswar (capital of Orissa), Guwahati (Assam) and Bangalore (capital of Karnataka) prior to the Republic Day on January 26.  

  A senior police official in Orissa said, "We have information that Muslim fundamentalists are trying to take advantage of the feeble police presence in certain pockets of the state. We are very watchful and alert." According to the security blueprint, three platoons of police force will guard the hotel where the teams of India and West Indies stay in Bhubaneswar while around 40 platoons would do duty in Cuttack. Plainclothes policemen would also man the nearly 40-km distance from the hotel to the stadium.

• January 19: SF personnel foil a terrorist attempt to cause large scale disturbances during Republic Day (January 26) when they arrested five militants of the LeT and JeM from different places at Bandipora in the Baramulla district.

• January 8: Security forces (SFs) arrested a Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) cadre, Mohammad Maqbool Bhat, at New Colony in the Pulwama district.

• January 7: SFs killed two cadres of the JeM outfit, identified as Fayaz Ahmed Sheikh alias Muzzamil Jihadi, a 'Tehsil Commander', and Shabir Ahmed Rather at Dalwan village in the Chrar-e-Sharief area of Budgam district.

2006

• December 18: Four of the six terrorists, who were reportedly trapped in three separate operations at Bandipora and Lolab, have been killed by the SFs since December 18-evening. Sources said that SF operation ended with the death of both the holed up terrorists at Kota Satrena in the Bandipora area of Baramulla district. They are identified as Saifullah and Khalid alias Zubair, Pakistani cadres of the JeM.

• December 4: The Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) are using territory and elements in Bangladesh and Nepal for movement of terrorists and finances in India, according to a paper prepared by the Union Home Ministry on internal security situation.

• November 27: Two suspected Jaish-e-Mohammed militants were arrested by the Delhi Police at the Old Delhi railway station. The arrests followed a tip-off that the duo were aboard the Kalka-Delhi Mail train. Police recovered two kilograms of RDX and INR 5 lakh from them. During interrogation, the arrested persons reportedly disclosed that they were JeM militants.

• November 21: Two over-ground workers of the militants, identified as Kamar Din and Mohammad Ashraf, associated with the JeM outfit, are arrested from the Chajroo area of Udhampur district.

• November 12: The Union Government has decided to provide maximum security cover for the kin of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, his predecessor Atal Behari Vajpayee and Congress Party chief Sonia Gandhi, in view of the abduction threat from the Pakistan-based JeM group. Security agencies in Jammu and Kashmir intercepted a wireless message of the JeM, which suggested that militants were planning to kidnap kin of these VVIPs to secure the release of some militants in various jails of India.

• October 19: A cadre of the Pakistan-based outfit JeM, identified as Pervez Ahmed Radoo, is arrested by the Special Cell of the Delhi Police on October 14. He was a carrier of arms, explosives and communication equipment for JeM cadres in various parts of the country, including Delhi. The police said JeM chief in Srinagar, identified as Shergill, had entrusted Pervez with triggering explosions in the Capital.

• October 17: Head Constable Vikram Singh, driver of Inspector General of Police (Kashmir) S. M. Sahai, is shot dead by terrorists near the General Bus Stand at Batmaloo in the capital Srinagar.
  
  Terrorists shot dead Constable Dilawar Ahmed at Telbal Morh near the Hazratbal Shrineon the outskirts of Srinagar. The JeM claimed responsibility for both the attacks.

• October 15: Police constable Ghulam Mohiuddin is reported to have died and his colleague, Ghulam Hassan, sustained injuries in a terrorist attack in the Lal Chowk area of capital Srinagar. The JeM claimed responsibility for the incident.

• October 6: Police arrests two terrorists of the JeM, identified as Liaquat Hussain and Mushtaq Ahmed, from Pangai in the Thannamandi area of Rajouri district.

• October 4: 21 terrorists, belonging to the JeM, Al Barq and Hizb-e-Islami outfits, hailing mostly from the Baramulla and Kupwara districts, surrender before 19 Infantry Division within a day of their infiltration from LoC in the Uri sector.

• September 28: A Hawala operator, identified as Naseer Ahmed alias Doctor, is arrested by Nowshera police from the Mendhar area of Poonch district. He is being questioned to ascertain his links with the JeM outfit, including the outfit’s ‘commander’ for Rajouri-Poonch districts, Saifullah Kari.

• September 24: Over 1,000 trained Kashmiri militants are "currently stranded" in three camps of the HM in the Hazara region of NWFP, a Press Trust of India report quoted the Pakistan-based Herald magazine. "Of these, the Hisari and Batrasi camps are located in Mansehra district while a third camp is located in Boi in district Abbottabad," Herald reported. It quoted unnamed sources to say that thousands of other terrorists were confined in camps run by half a dozen smaller Kashmiri groups or predominantly Pakistani outfits like the LeT, JeM and Al-Badr Mujahideen in the frontier and Pakistan occupied Kashmir regions. Quoting "knowledgeable sources", the Herald said "until recently”, small groups like the Tehrik-ul-Mujahideen, Al-Umar Mujahideen, Jamiat-ul-Mujahideen, Al-Fatah, Al-Jihad, Al-Barq, Tehrik-e-Jihad, and Islamic Front were receiving between 400,000 and 700,000 rupees a month, adding, "Large organisations like HM, LeT, JeM, Al-Badr Mujahideen and others received more money, ranging between two to three million rupees."
  
  A JeM cadre, identified as Arshad Ahmed alias Tipu, surrenders before SFs in the Doda district.

• September 20: Javed Ahmed alias Atish alias Jugnoo, a ‘section commander’ of the JeM, is killed by the SF personnel at village Rannaie in the Doda district.

• September 17: Abu Jandal, a former bodyguard of Osama bin Laden, claims that Al Qaeda operatives were behind the hijacking of the Indian Airlines plane in December 1999, which culminated in the release of JeM chief Maulana Masood Azhar and two other terrorists, Mushtaq Ahmed Zargar and Omar Sheikh, at Kandahar in Afghanistan.

• September 16: Three JeM militants are killed during a cordon-and-search operation at Gurwatan Sarpathri in Pir Panjal foothills in Shopian area. One of the killed militants is believed to be a Pakistani national.

• September 12: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that that Pakistan has not done enough to control terrorist outfits like the LeT and JeM.

• September 9: SFs arrest Mohammad Rizwan, a member of the banned JeM, from the outskirts of Karachi in Pakistan. He was involved in several heinous acts of sectarian terrorism and the provincial government had him on their most wanted list.

• September 4: A cadre of the JeM, Qadiryar, is killed in an encounter with SF personnel at Midora in the Pulwama district.

• August 30: SFs arrest two cadres of the JeM at Lolab valley in the Kupwara district along with five hand grenades.

• August 29: Two teachers are arrested as Rajouri district police today raided terrorist hide-outs in the Mendhar, Darhal, Gambhir and Rajouri towns to neutralize the network of Amzad, ‘financial chief’ of the JeM, who was reportedly arrested earlier.

• August 24: The Anti-Terrorist Squad of the Mumbai Police said that the two Pakistani terrorists, one of whom was killed in an encounter on August 21, had plans to attack five places in Mumbai, including the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre at Anushakti Nagar and Siddhivinayak Temple. During interrogation, Mohammad Riaz Nawabuddin, who was arrested on August 21, has revealed that the duo had obtained training at a JeM camp in Pakistan.
  
  The Special Operations Group of police in Jammu arrests three activists of the JeM and HM from Tikri on the Jammu-Srinagar national highway when they were shifting a Hawala consignment from Rajouri to Kashmir.
  
  Two JeM cadres, identified as Gulshan Ahmed and Tariq Ahmed Hazzan, are arrested from the Kupwara district.

• August 23: The Union Government said that Pakistan’s external intelligence agency ISI continues to provide "directions" and "logistics" support to terrorist groups like the JeM, LeT, HM and Al-Badr for terrorist related activities in Jammu and Kashmir.

• August 18: An intelligence agency has handed over six suspects, belonging to the proscribed JeM, to police in connection with the March 2, 2006-suicide attack outside the US consulate in Karachi.

• August 17: Terrorists attack personnel of the Jammu and Kashmir Police and CRPF at three places in the capital city of Srinagar on with silencer-fitted pistols, killing two of them and injuring two others. One of the injured succumbs to his injuries later.
  
  Inspector General of Police (Kashmir), S M Sahai, said that a freshly inducted JeM module has carried out the attacks. Ismail Hamza, an aide to the JeM leader Maulana Masood Azhar, denies that a British national arrested in Pakistan in connection with the plot to blow up US-bound airliners had ever been a member of the group.

• August 16: The father of Maulana Masood Azhar, chief of the JeM, said that Rashid Rauf, identified by Pakistan as a key player in the failed plot to blow up transatlantic airliners in London, left the movement to join rivals more interested in Al Qaeda’s anti-Western message. He said that Rauf was a member of the JeM before he joined Al Qaeda.

• August 8: The Jammu Police shot dead two suicide squad (Fidayeen) cadres of the JeM outfit, including one identified as Mohammed Basharat alias Khalid, a Pakistani, in an encounter at Jagti near Nagrota in the early hours and foils their plot to strike in the Jammu City on or before the Independence Day (August 15).
  
  Hassan Bhai, a front ranking JeM cadre, who was also a close associate of the outfit’s chief Maulana Masood Azhar, is killed in an encounter with the police in the Keshwan forests of Doda district.

• August 1: A Police Constable and two JeM terrorists, including a Pakistani national, are killed in an overnight encounter at Chidipora in the Pulwama district. Two CRPF personnel, Mohammad Aziz and Kapil Kumar, are killed by cadres of the JeM at Dalgate in the capital Srinagar. A civilian is also injured in the attack, which took place near a crowded bus stop.

• July 19: In three separate incidents in capital Srinagar, terrorists open fire on police personnel killing two of them and injuring another. Subsequently, JeM claims responsibility for the attacks, which took place at the Bus Depot near Hazratbal Shrine, Soura Sabzi Mandi and Lal Chowk.

• June 25: Two Pakistani terrorists of the JeM outfit are killed in an encounter with the security forces in the Dardsun area of Kupwara district, while three others managed to escape. A JeM spokesperson confirms the death of two cadres of his outfit, but claims that four soldiers are also killed and three others sustained injuries in the gun-battle.

• May 30: A police personnel is killed and ten persons sustain injuries in separate grenade attacks in the capital Srinagar. In the first incident, terrorists hurl a grenade towards an escort vehicle of the Human Rights Commission near Iqbal Park killing police constable Ghulam Nabi Kanjoo on the spot and injuring six persons, including a woman and her two infants. The Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) claims responsibility for the attack.

• May 22: Thirty-four persons, including 23 civilians, are injured in separate grenade attacks in Srinagar. Subsequently, the JeM claims responsibility for these attacks.

• May 15: Two civilians and one CRPF personnel are wounded when terrorists targeted a security bunker with grenades at Kawdara in the capital Srinagar. The JeM claimed responsibility for the attack.

• May 6: Two youths, who had forcibly been inducted by a JeM 'commander', are rescued by the troops from the Dachhan area of Doda district.

• May 3: A police personnel is wounded when terrorists lobbed a hand grenade targeting the Police Station at Khanyar in the capital Srinagar. A spokesperson for the JeM claimed responsibility for the attack.

• April 27: Troops arrested a suspect, Mohammed Sharief Khatana, during a search operation from the Kanthali area of Udhampur district along with some clothing which he had planned to give to Abu Sufian, Abu Muslim and Manzoor Ahmed, cadres of the JeM outfit.

• April 16: Four civilians are wounded when unidentified terrorists triggered a grenade blast targeting a picket of the Central Reserve Police Force at Rainawari Chowk in the capital Srinagar. The JeM is reported to have claimed responsibility for the attack.

• April 16: Police kills a top ranking cadre of the JeM, identified as Aftab Ansari, at Kokernag in the Anantnag district.

• April 14: Terrorists trigger out seven grenade blasts in the capital city of Srinagar, killing five civilians and injuring 44 persons, including 14 SF personnel. A local news agency, Current News Service, reported that four terrorist groups - JeM, Jamiat-ul-Mujahideen (JuM), Al-Mansooran and J&K Islamic Front - claimed responsibility for these blasts.

• April 11: A JeM cadre, identified as Haider alias Imtiyaz, is killed during an encounter with the SFs at Lolab in the Kupwara district.

• April 10: Two JeM cadres, identified as Mustaqeem and Commando, are killed during an encounter with the security forces at Sukhnai village in the Doda district.

• April 4: Cadres of the JeM abduct Ghulam Rasool Jan, a police constable, from his residence and subsequently killed him at Kehlil in the Tral area of Pulwama district.

• March 17: The SFs shot dead four foreign mercenaries of the JeM outfit, including 'district commander' Abu Mehtab, in an encounter at village Morian Chatru in the Manjakote area of Rajouri district.

• March 14: A 'Divisional Commander' of the JeM, Jaish Zubair Lone alias Irfan, and his associate, Ihtisham Ali alias Abu Saliha, are killed in an encounter with the troops at Chandhara Pampore village in the Pulwama district.

• March 11: Authorities in PoK are reported to have arrested eight terrorists in Muzaffarabad, including Mufti Abdul Raouf of the JeM.

• March 5: Twenty-three civilians and two CRPF personnel are injured during a JeM triggered grenade attack on a CRPF vehicle near Rajpora Chowk in Pulwama town.

• March 4: Six civilians and three police personnel sustain injuries in a JeM triggered grenade attack near Rainawari in the capital Srinagar.

• February 19: Two JeM terrorists, Ali Muawia, a ‘district commander’, and Abu Khalid, a ‘battalion commander’, are killed by the SFs in a gun-battle at Ganai in the Tral town of Pulwama district. One AK-56 rifle and one pistol are recovered from the incident site.

• February 2: Two JeM terrorists, identified as ‘district commander’ Shah Ali and Abrar Hazarvi, are killed in an encounter with the police at Madhari jungle in the Poonch district. Two AK-47 rifles, eight magazines, 121 rounds, one Kenwood radio set, four grenades, Rs 1860 in Indian currency, Rs 1500 in Pakistan currency, two pouches and one diary are recovered from the incident site.

• January 1: A JeM ‘divisional commander’, Osama Bukhari alias Mohammed Arshad, is shot dead in an encounter with the troops at Dodaj under the jurisdiction of Darhal police station in Rajouri district. Two police personnel, Mohammed Ishfaq and Abdul Qayoom, are wounded in the incident. Bukhari, a resident of Bahawalpur in Pakistan, was instrumental in a number of killings in the Thannamandi and Darhal areas, according to official sources. One AK-47 rifle, three magazines, 100 rounds, one Chinese pistol with two magazines, two Chinese grenades, one wireless set, four diaries, 10 letter pads, one pouch, matrix codes, some documents and photo identity cards are recovered from the incident site.

• December 29: Three terrorists, including a top JeM ‘commander’, are killed in an encounter with the SFs at Khrew Pampore in the Pulwama district. According to defence sources, the slain terrorists include ‘deputy divisional commander’ of the outfit, Qari Suhail, and two of his accomplices Afaq and Danish.

• December 21: Police arrest five JeM cadres from the outskirts of Kishtwar town in Doda district. Two of them hail from Anantnag district in Kashmir valley and three from Kishtwar. They were identified as Sajjad Ahmed Khanday, Shabir Ahmed Akhoon, Tanveer Ahmed, Shahid Hussain and Sajjad Hussain Bhat. A BSNL mobile telephone, four BSNL SIM cards and Rupees 10,000 in cash are recovered from their possession.

• December 19: A top JeM ‘commander’, identified as Qari Zarar, is killed in an encounter with the SF personnel at Lalpora village in the Kupwara district.

• November 30: A group of JeM terrorists shoot at and injure a police constable, Zahoor Ahmed, at Khanyar in the capital Srinagar.

• November 25: SFs arrest a JeM cadre from the Pulwama district along with some arms and ammunition.

• November 24: A top JeM leader, identified as Zia, is killed by the troops at Dhobiwan village in the Tral area of Pulwama district.

• November 21: A Pakistani cadre of the JeM group is killed and two soldiers wounded in a midnight encounter in the Jawahar Nagar area of capital Srinagar. One AK-56 rifle, two magazines and 15 rounds are seized from the incident site. Inspector General of Police (Kashmir Zone), K. Rajendra Kumar, said that Sajid alias Qari Saifullah was hiding in the house of a former official of All India Radio behind DAV School for the last several days. Kumar also informed that Saifullah is a ‘divisional commander’ of the JeM.

• November 11: An alleged conduit of the JeM, who shuttles between India and Bangladesh and has ferried the terrorists involved in the July 5-Ayodhya attack, is arrested by the Special Cell of the Delhi police at Old Delhi railway station.

• November 7: Troops kill a Pakistani cadre of the JeM, identified as Mohammad Rustum, during an encounter at Warnow in the Lolab valley of Kupwara district.

• November 6: SFs in the Punjab province of Pakistan detain 32 activists of banned religious organisations during Eid celebrations ahead of the cricket Test match between Pakistan and England. Government prepares a list of 190 activists belonging to JeM, SSP and other terrorist outfits and arrest 32 of them from Multan, Bahawalpur, Sargodha and Faisalabad.

• November 2: A few hours before the swearing in of Ghulam Nabi Azad as the tenth Chief Minister (CM) of Jammu and Kashmir, a Fidayeen (suicide squad) terrorist detonated a powerful car bomb in the Nowgam area of capital Srinagar near the old residence of outgoing CM, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, killing at least 10 people and injuring 18 others. A caller, who identified himself as Jaish-e-Mohammed spokesperson, Abu Qadam, telephoned local media organisations in Srinagar and said Mohammad Mubashir, a resident of Abbaspora in Pakistan occupied Kashmir, was the Fidayeen who carried out the attack.

• September 30: Security forces raided a terrorist hideout at Wan Diwalgam in the Kokernag area of Anantnag district and killed a JeM terrorist, identified as Mohammad Rafeeq Wagay.

• September 23: An 'area commander' of the JeM, Khurshid Ahmed Butt alias Kamran alias Fayaaz, was arrested by the Delhi Police from the Pampore area of Pulwama district.

• August 1: A ‘sector commander’ of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, identified as Adil, is shot dead by the troops in the Phagala area of Poonch district. One AK rifle, 190 rounds, seven magazines, one radio set and Rupees 20,000 were recovered from the incident site.

• July 27: A JeM cadre, identified as Sajjad Ahmed Aatish, hailing from Bahawalpur in Pakistan, is killed by the security forces (SFs) at Imbarzalwari in the Sopore area of Baramulla district.

• July 22: A Jaish cadre, Arnas, is killed by the security forces during an encounter at Dyalgam in the Kokernag area of Anantnag district.

• July 13: In Kupwara district, a JeM cadre is killed by the troops at village Kanthpora and one AK rifle, two magazines and 50 rounds of ammunition were seized from his possession.

• July 11: A ‘district commander’ of the JeM, Momin Khan of Pakistan occupied Kashmir, is killed along with his local associate Mohammad Iqbal Wani in an encounter with the SFs at village Chhatawach-Shopian in the Pulwama district.

• July 9: Four Jaish-e-Mohammed cadres, including Jamal Bhai, 'chief operations commander' and Mullah Naseer, 'Deputy chief', are killed during an encounter with the SFs in Pulwama district.

• July 3: SFs kill two cadres of the Jaish-e-Mohammed at Killora in the Shopian area of Pulwama district.

• June 10: Acting on a tip off about four JeM cadres hiding in the Sofipora Wullarhama village on Sangam-Pahalgam road in Anantnag district, SFs launched a cordon and search operation around the village Imambara (structure for the Muharram celebrations) and killed two terrorists after an exchange of fire injured a solider. Subsequently, the structure caught fire and two other terrorists holed up inside are believed to be killed in the rage.

• June 8: A Jaish-e-Mohammed ‘commander’, identified as Zulfikar, and an Army Major are killed and two soldiers sustain injuries during an encounter at Katari Gala in the Rajouri district.

• June 6: Two JeM cadres, including ‘district commander’ Abu Lareb, are killed by the troops in an encounter at Naika Majari in the Poonch district.

• An unidentified Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorist is killed by troops at village Sokar in Darhal area of Rajouri district.

• June 5: Five JeM terrorists, including a ‘commander’ identified as Shah Ji and his body-guard Manhaz Ali, are killed during an anti-insurgency operation at Kalalkas Jamola in the Rajouri district.

• May 31: Abu Hassan alias 88 of the JeM is killed during an encounter at Makhi forest in the Surankote area of Poonch district.

• May 5: JeM cadre, Ishaq alias Abu Kasha Asgari, is shot dead by the SFs at Hari Safeda in the Surankote area of Poonch district. One AK rifle, two magazines, two grenades and a wireless set was recovered from the incident site.

• May 4: A cadre of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, Sajjad, is shot dead and two others, Omar and Arif, were arrested by the Army subsequent to an encounter at village Tharsa in the Deedah area of Udhampur district.

• April 26: The Karachi Police arrest two terrorists of the JeM, Mohammad Anis and Nafees Siddiqui, and seize six locally-made bombs and more than 55 kilograms of explosive material during a raid at a house in the Orangi Town area.

• April 10: Two JeM cadres, Rizwan and Farooq Ahmed Kullay, are killed during an encounter that ensued after troops from the Assam Regiment launched a cordon-and-search operation in the Danora forest area of Pulwama district. Official sources in Pulwama said that one pistol and a self-loading rifle, which had been snatched by Jaish cadres during a bank robbery at Imam Sahib, Shopian, last year, were recovered from the incident site.

• April 9: According to Asia Pulse, Australia has re-listed six groups as terrorist organisations, warning that anyone associated with them faces up to 25 years in jail. Attorney-General, Philip Ruddock, named the six organisations as Lashkar-e Jhangvi, Jaish-e-Mohammad, both Pakistan-based and Asbat al-Ansar, Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, and the Islamic Army of Aden.

• April 8: Two cadres of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, including Zahoor Ahmed Bhat alias Abdul Islam, a ‘district commander’ and Sarfaraz Ahmed, a ‘tehsil commander’, are killed during an encounter with the SFs at Karewa Manloo village in the Shopian area of Pulwama district.

• April 6: Mohammed Rafiq alias Kamran, a ‘tehsil commander’, and Mohammed Shaffi alias Khalid, a ‘section commander’ of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, surrender before the army at Kishtwar in the Doda district. They handed over two AK rifles, four magazines and 120 rounds of ammunition at the time of surrender. Subsequently, based on information given by them, the troops raided a JeM hideout at village Chachchi and shot dead two Jaish cadres. Two AK rifles and some ammunition were recovered from their possession.

• April 3: Two suspected JeM cadres are killed during an encounter with the security forces at Zahid Bagh Litter village in the Pulwama district.

• March 15: The body of a JeM cadre is recovered by the police at Nargali in the Reasi area of Udhampur district. Official sources said that he was believed to have been killed in an intra-gang rivalry.

• March 4: Four terrorists of the JeM are killed during an encounter that ensued after SF personnel launched a cordon-and-search operation in the forest area of Tral in Pulwama district.

• January 19: Dawn reports that the police have traced a network of 19 people suspected of involvement in the July 30, 2004 suicide attack on Pakistani Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz in Fateh Jhang, and arrested three brothers belonging to the proscribed Jaish-e-Mohammad and Jamaat-ul-Furqan outfits.

• January 3: Inspector General of Police (Kashmir Zone), Javaid Makhdoomi, discloses at a press conference that the Pulwama Police had arrested a JeM ‘district commander’, Sajjad Ahmed Bhat alias Mulla, from the Dr. Munir Khan Kidney Hospital at Sonwar in Srinagar.

• December 6: Saifullah, ‘district commander’ of the Jaish in Bandipore area of Baramulla district, is killed by the security forces.

• October 1: Two Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorists, identified as Mohammed Yusuf and Abu Rehman alias Mohammed Farooq, are killed in an encounter with the troops at Dassal Kariyan in the Rajouri district.

• September 19: Two Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorists, identified as Mohammad Islam and Saifur Rehman, are killed by the troops during an encounter in the Dooraswani jungle area of Kupwara district.

• September 17: Nazir Afghani alias Hamid, a ‘district commander’ of the JeM, is shot dead by the police at Bazipora forests in the Baramulla district.

• August 28: A Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorist, identified as Riyaz Ahmad Ganie alias Tanveer, is killed in an encounter with the security forces at Sanzwatri in Pulwama district.

• August 27: Troops shot dead Mohammed Hassan Askari, a ‘commander’ of the JeM outfit, during an encounter at Choudhary Narh in the Rajouri district.
  Mohammed Ashfaq, an ‘area commander’ of the Jaish, is killed during an encounter with the troops at Bigial Mohalla in the Mendhar area of Poonch district.

• August 23: Abdul Rehman alias Hamza Askaari, an ‘area commander’ of the JeM outfit is killed by the troops at Darhal in the Rajouri district during a search operation.

• August 6: Three JeM terrorists are shot dead by security forces at Konibal in the Pulwama district
  
  

• July 30: Three terrorists of the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) were arrested during a raid on a house in Javed Colony near the General Bus Stand in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The arrested men were identified as Mehdi Kanwal alias Shakir, Sakhawat Hussain and Asad Hussain.

• July 29: Nazakat Hussain, a JeM terrorist, was arrested from village Pir Bhera in Rajouri district.

• July 28: A Jaish-e-Mohammed cadres was killed in an encounter at Trich in the Kupwara district.

• July 22: A ‘district commander’ of the JeM, identified as Jan Mohammed alias Peer Baba, was shot dead by the police during an encounter at Khurd Malai Nullah in the Arnas area of Udhampur district.

• July 15: A suspected Jaish terrorist, identified as Ghaniur Rahman, was arrested from Hyderabad, Pakistan, for his alleged links to the Al Qaeda and Taliban.

• June 30: Two JeM cadres, identified as ‘district commander’ Osama and Rehman, were shot dead by the troops during an encounter at village Sam Samad in the Thannamandi area of Rajouri district.

• June 29: Two terrorists of the JeM were killed in an encounter at Trech in the Kupwara district. Another Jaish cadre was shot dead by the troops during a shootout at Goshbal in the Bandipore area of Baramulla district.

• June 21: Two terrorists, affiliated to the Jaish-e-Mohammed outfit, were shot dead during an encounter at Bathnoor village in the Tral area of Pulwama district. Two AK-56 rifles, one wireless set, a tape recorder and five hand grenades were recovered from the incident site.

• June 18: A group of terrorists, suspected to be JeM cadres, abducted and later beheaded a civilian and his son in the Tral area of Pulwama district. The two were allegedly killed after the terrorists suspected them to be informers for the security forces’.

• May 22: A JeM terrorist was killed at Kandi Chak in the Kupwara district.

• May 9: Security forces shot dead two Jaish-e-Mohammed ‘commanders’, identified as Tariq Hussain and Maqsoom, during an encounter in the Mahore area of Udhampur district. Two AK rifles, nine magazines, 105 AK rounds, one radio set, three hand grenades and Rupees 2110 in Indian currency were recovered from their possession.

• April 10: Security forces shot dead the 'district commander' of JeM for Srinagar, Tariq Arshid alias Imran, a resident of Multan, Pakistan, in an encounter at Natipora on the outskirts of Srinagar city.

• April 8: Sehrai Baba, the ‘chief commander of operations’ of Jaish-e-Mohammed, was among five terrorists killed during an encounter with security forces in the Sheikhnaar forest area of Kupwara district. Gazi Asif Zajim alias Sehrai Baba alias Qari Asif, hailing from Karachi in Pakistan, according to official sources, had earlier functioned as the outfit’s ‘district commander’ in Kupwara for two years.

• April 7: A Jaish 'district commander' identified as Nayeem Ahmad was shot dead by the Army in Udhampur district.

• March 28: Security agencies in Islamabad arrested three terrorists affiliated to the outlawed Jaish-e-Mohammed for their alleged involvement in the December 25, 2003, suicide attack on President Pervez Musharraf.

• March 26: Three JeM terrorists and two soldiers were reportedly killed during an encounter at Sonabrari village in the Kokernag area of Anantnag district.

• March 24: A self-styled district commander of the JeM, identified as Abu Usman, was killed along with his associate during an encounter with the security forces at Sogam in the Kupwara district. An AK rifle, three magazines, 35 rounds of ammunition, six grenades, six grenade launchers and a wireless set were recovered from the incident site.

• March 5: Senator Lt General (retd.) Javed Ashraf Qazi said in Islamabad that the outlawed Jaish-e-Mohammed was involved in the December 2003 assassination attempts on President Pervez Musharraf.

• February 20: The Supreme Court stayed the execution of Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorist Mohammad Afzal, who was awarded the death sentence by the trial court in the December 13-Parliament attack case. The sentence was later confirmed by the Delhi High Court. The Supreme Court suspended the operation of the sentence while issuing notice to the Delhi Government on Afzal's appeal challenging the judgment of the Delhi High Court.

• February 18: Three suspected Jaish cadres were killed during an encounter that ensued after a search operation in the hilly terrain of Ahlan Gadole in Anantnag district. Further, two more JeM terrorists were shot dead during an encounter at village Sarhuti in the Mendhar area of Poonch district.

• February 9: A Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorist was shot dead by the SF personnel at Chandigam in the Lolab valley of Kupwara district.

• February 5: Nine terrorists and a Junior Commissioned Officer of the Army were killed during an encounter at Donil Hill in the Kupwara district. SFs launched an operation after securing information that a group of Lashkar-e-Toiba and JeM cadres had established a hideout in the area.

• January 19: Two Jaish terrorists were killed by SFs in an encounter at village Kalla of Mahore tehsil in the Udhampur district. Two AK rifles, eight magazines, four hand grenades, one wireless set, 18 detonators, Rupees 4650 in Indian currency and seven Improvised Explosive Devices were recovered from the slain terrorists.

• January 13: During a cordon and search operation launched by the Awantipore Police and a unit of the Border Security Force (BSF) at Bugmar in Batnoor area of Tral district, two Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorists were killed.

• January 11: A JeM terrorist was taken into custody in Bahawalpur, Pakistan, in connection with the assassination attempt on President Musharraf’s convoy at Rawalpindi on December 25, 2003.

• December 29: One of the two suicide bombers who targeted President Musharraf on December 25 in Rawalpindi belonged to the outlawed Jaish-e-Mohammed and was freed from an Afghan prison during year 2002, unnamed intelligence officials were quoted as saying in the Daily Times.

• December 23: A JeM cadre and one soldier were killed during an encounter that ensued after the SFs raided a terrorist hideout at Drubgam in the Pulwama district.

• The US Secretary of State redesignates the Jaish-e-Mohammed as a Foreign Terrorist Organization.

• December 12: SFs shot dead Abu Babbar, an ‘area commander’ of Jaish-e-Mohammed, in a gun-fight at Zabbi Toti dhok in the Surankote area of Poonch district.

• December 9: In south Kashmir, a terrorist identified as Toofan Khan of the Jaish-e-Mohammad, and a security force personnel were killed during an encounter at Bongam in the Shopian area of Pulwama district.

• December 7: Troops shot dead two JeM terrorists during an encounter at Sadiqi Bhata in the Chatroo area of Doda district.

• December 4: Authorities in Pakistan occupied Kashmir (PoK) outlawed six terrorist groups including the Khuddam-ul-Islam (formerly known as Jaish-e-Mohammed [JeM]).

• November 21: Law enforcement agencies sealed eight offices of proscribed terrorist groups in the Sialkot district including four offices of the Khuddam-ul-Islam.

• November 15: The Pakistan Government proscribes, under the Anti-Terrorist Act 1997, the Khuddam-ul-Islam (KI - formerly known as Jaish-e-Mohammed [JeM]).
  

• November 15: Khudamul Islam (KI - formerly known as Jaish-e-Mohammed [JeM]) is proscribed.

• September 21: Four JeM terrorists are killed during an encounter with the security forces in the Gulgam forest area of Kupwara district.

• September 20: Two Jaish terrorists and two SF personnel are killed and two SF personnel, including a Major, are injured during an encounter at Tarkundi in the Gambhir area of Rajouri district

• September 18: Media report indicates that JeM chief Maulana Masood Azhar met Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) leaders recently and promised them his support.

• September 17: Nasir Mehmood Awan alias Ansar, a senior 'commander' of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, is killed during an encounter with the security forces at Danmar in the Iddgah locality of capital Srinagar.

• September 16: The JeM warns that it would target Indian leaders in suicide attacks that would be "shocking for India". A Jaish spokesperson Wali Hassan Baba reportedly said during a telephonic interview with the Associated Press that the attacks would be retaliation for the killing of Shahnawaz Khan aka Ghazi Baba, 'operational chief' of the outfit, by Indian security forces in Srinagar on August 30.

• September 10: Five Pakistan-based terrorist groups, including the Jaish-e-Mohammed, which were proscribed by President Pervez Musharraf on January 12, 2002, are currently functioning openly under changed identities, according to the Herald.

• September 8: While acknowledging the killing of its 'operational chief' Gazi Baba alias Shahnawaz Khan during an encounter on August 30, the JeM appoints Sahrai Baba in his place. Pakistani Urdu daily Jung quoted Jaish 'deputy supreme commander' Wali Hasan as saying that Abu Dajana has been appointed as Sahrai's deputy in Jammu and Kashmir.

• August 30: Two terrorists, including Shahnawaz Khan alias Gazi Baba, operational chief of the Jaish-e-Mohammed in Jammu and Kashmir and a key accused in the December 13, 2001 Parliament attack case, are killed in an encounter with the Border Security Force in Noorbagh locality of Srinagar.

• August 27: The Buner Police arrest at least ten terrorists affiliated to the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) after a clash between two groups of the outfit over an internal dispute near Ghaurghushti Town in Peshawar.

• August 19: Three JeM terrorists are killed during an encounter at Kaninwali in the Pulwama district of south Kashmir.

• July 27: Three foreign mercenaries affiliated to the Jaish-e-Mohammed are killed at village Kakora under the jurisdiction of Manjakote police station in Rajouri district.

• July 14: Three JeM terrorists are killed and three security force personnel injured during an encounter at Fatlipora village, Budgam district.

• July 6: Asadullah Farooqi, reportedly a 'financial advisor' of the JeM, is killed during an encounter at Chota Nar in the Dodaj area of Darhal.

• July 5: According to The Friday Times, the JeM, rechristened as the Khuddam-ul-Islam, has split following the expulsion of the outfit's Karachi unit chief Abdullah Shah Mazhar by the Jaish chief Maulana Masood Azhar.

• July 1: Abdul Jabbar, former 'supreme commander' of the JeM, is reportedly arrested in Midhranjha, a town near Sargodha, for his alleged involvement in two terrorist attacks on Christian targets during year 2002.

• June 30: Security forces kill four terrorists, including a 'battalion commander' and a 'company commander' of the JeM, at Abhama village in the south Kashmir district of Pulwama.

• June 26: Four foreign mercenaries, including Abu Muaviya, a LeT 'district commander', and an Afghani identified as Abu Haamid, 'company commander' of the JeM are killed during an encounter in the Dooraswani forest area of Lolab in Kupwara district.

• June 12: A former terrorist of the outlawed JeM is reportedly shot dead by two unidentified assailants in Sector 5-L, New Karachi police jurisdiction, Karachi.

• June 4: Three JeM terrorists and one SF personnel are killed while three SF personnel, including a Junior Commissioned Officer (JCO), and a teenaged girl is injured during an encounter in the Surankote area of Poonch district.

• May 28: Security forces foil an infiltration attempt near the Line of Control in the Shahpur Karnetian area of Poonch sector killing four JeM terrorists.

• May 19: Four women and two children are beheaded by suspected JeM terrorists at village Chowkian in the Kot Dhara area of Rajouri district.

• May 15: Maulana Masood Azhar, JeM chief, arrives in Kotli in Pakistan occupied Kashmir (PoK) despite a ban on his entry.

• May 14: Pakistan occupied Kashmir (PoK) government announces a ban on the entry of Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) chief Maulana Masood Azhar into the region.

• May 7: Two Pakistani Jaish cadres, including a 'district commander', are killed during an encounter at Chhampora village in the Vilgam forest area of Kupwara district.

• April 29: Two JeM terrorists are killed after an unsuccessful suicide strike on an SF formation at Drugmulla in the Kupwara district.

• April 25: SFs foil an infiltration attempt and kill three JeM terrorists at Sagra village in the Mendhar sector of Poonch district. One SF personnel is also killed during the encounter.

• April 24: Two JeM terrorists are killed and a SF personnel is injured during an encounter in the Sogam forest area of Kupwara district.

• April 18: A Jaish 'district commander' is killed during an encounter at Morha Kalali village, Surankote area of Poonch district.

• April 2: Security forces destroy two JeM hideouts at Hari Budha, Mandi area of Poonch district, and kill six foreign mercenaries.

• March 29: Security forces kill three JeM terrorists, including a 'deputy district commander', in an encounter in Kishtwar area, Doda district.

• March 14: Two JeM terrorists are killed in an encounter in Surankote, Poonch district.

• March 12: A JeM terrorist is killed in an encounter in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

• March 9: Special Task Force personnel of Uttar Pradesh Police arrest two Jaish terrorists in Muzaffarnagar.

• February 20: Two Jaish terrorists are killed in encounter at Chewa-Safapora, Baramulla district.

• February 3: Two Pakistani JeM cadres killed on the Line of Control in Balakote sector of Poonch district.

• February 1: A 'district commander' of the JeM and SF personnel killed in Bemina, outskirts of Srinagar.

• January 31: Two JeM terrorists killed during encounter at Nayidgam village in the Shopian area of Pulwama district.

• January 24: Two foreign mercenaries of JeM killed in encounter in the Mendhar area of Poonch district.

• January 23: Lahore High Court's Multan bench refuses to prosecute JeM chief Maulana Masood Azhar on charges of making an anti-India speech. "It is not a crime to make speeches against India," rules Judge Ijaz Ahmed Chaudhry, while dismissing the case.

• January 22: JeM 'platoon commander' Habibullah alias Saifullah killed in encounter in Kudara, about 20km from Bandipore.

• January 14: An unidentified terrorist kills Ghulam Hassan Chopan, a former spokesperson of the JeM, in Bemina, on the outskirts of the State capital Srinagar.

• January 13: JeM terrorists kill a Border Security Force (BSF) personnel and injure another at Batmaloo General Bus Stand in Srinagar.

• January 8: In view of the growing resentment against the 'burqa and anti-education drive', JeM withdraws directive through posters issued in the name of its 'Central Jehad Council' and pasted in Khablan, Darhal and Thanna Mandi areas, Rajouri district.

• January 5: Three JeM terrorists, including Kamran Khan alias Khijjar, a 'commander', are killed in an encounter in Devla village, Mahore area of Udhampur district.
  

• January 4: Two Jaish terrorists, including a 'commander', are killed in Karmula village, Tral area of Pulwama district.
  

• January 3: Two foreign mercenaries of the JeM are killed and three Border Security Force (BSF) personnel injured in an encounter preceded by an explosion in Laani village, Gool area of Udhampur district.

2002

• December 18: A special court in Delhi sentences to death Mohammad Afzal and Shaukat Hussain Guru, JeM terrorists, in the December 13, 2001-Parliament attack case.

• December 16: A special court in Delhi convicts Mohammad Afzal and Shaukat Hussain Guru, JeM terrorists, in the Parliament attack case for various offences under POTA, Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Explosive Substances Act.

• December 14: A three-member Review Board of Lahore High Court orders that JeM chief Maulana Masood Azhar be released.

• November 29: Canada designates the JeM and Harkat-ul-Mujahideen as terrorist groups.
  

• November 21: Three JeM terrorists and an SF personnel are killed in an encounter in Hafruda forest area, Kupwara-Handwara belt.

• November 11: Two front-ranking JeM terrorists, including ‘area commander’ Imtiyaz Ahmed alias Mohammed Faran, are killed in an encounter in Kurl Chajla, Mankot area, Mendhar.

• October 21: A suspected JeM terrorist, one of the 12 accused arrested for plotting to kill Chief Minister Narendra Modi, is killed in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

• October 19: JeM 'commander' A B Usmaan is killed in Dulligam village, Banihal area of Doda district, during a search operation.

• September 29: Three JeM terrorists are killed in an encounter in Chunti Pathri and Satarseeran in Kreeri.

• September 16: An Additional Sessions Judge in Dera Ghazi Khan grants bail to JeM chief Maulana Masood Azhar. On the other hand, the Home Secretary, on the same day, extends Azhar 's detention for a further period of 90 days.

• September 13: Detained JeM terrorist Mohammad Afzal, allegedly a key conspirator in the December 2001-Parliament attack case, denies charges that he had a hand in the attack.

• September 9: A JeM 'battalion commander' is killed in encounter in Dangarpora, Anantnag district. September 1: Two JeM terrorists, including a foreign mercenary, are killed in encounter near Shopian, Pulwama district.

• August 28: A Bahawalpur court extends till September 10, 2002 the judicial remand of JeM chief Maulana Masood Azhar.

• August 19: A JeM terrorist is arrested in connection with a bomb blast at a madrassa (seminary) in Sahiwal, Pakistan, on August 16, in which a suspected JeM terrorist was killed.

• August 18: Three JeM terrorists, including a 'commander', arrested in Multan, Pakistan.

• August 16: Suspected JeM terrorist killed and another injured, reportedly while assembling a bomb at a madrassa (seminary) in Sahiwal district, Pakistan.

• August 9: Four JeM terrorists killed in Tangdhar sector of Kupwara district.

• July 30: Lahore High Court extends detention of JeM chief Maulana Masood Azhar till August 15, 2002.

• July 18: A JeM 'commander', who has taken shelter at a house in Banihal town, from July 17 night, and was holding 15 members of the family hostage, is killed.

• July 16: Two JeM cadres killed in an encounter at Chhamb Kailan Dhok, in Loran area, Poonch district.

• July 15: Anti-Terrorism Court in Hyderabad, Sindh, awards death sentence to JeM front-ranking terrorist Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh in the Daniel Pearl abduction-cum-murder case.

• July 10: ‘District commander’ of JeM, Bilal Ahmed alias Mehmood Bhai of Pakistan occupied Kashmir (PoK), killed in encounter at Krumbhore village in Handwara area.

• July 2: JeM ‘Area commander’ killed in an encounter in the Dranti forests, Rajouri district.

• May 20: Three Pakistani cadres of the JeM killed in an encounter at Banota village in the Hill Kaka area of Surankote.

• May 17: Three foreign mercenaries of the JeM killed in an encounter at Pathian Wali, in the Lassana area of Surankote, Poonch district.

• May 14: Delhi Police files chargesheet against seven persons in the December 13, 2001-attack on India’s Parliament. JeM Chief Masood Azhar and two of his Pakistani aides declared proclaimed offenders.

• May 12: United States reportedly agrees to let Pakistan try Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, a JeM top-terrorist and prime accused in the abduction-cum-murder of US journalist Daniel Pearl, before initiating any moves seeking his extradition.

• May 9: Three front-ranking terrorists of the JeM killed in an encounter at Karnatian dhok in the Shahpur village of Mandi sector.

• April 28: Three JeM terrorists killed in an encounter in Pitha Sahib village near Morha Kalar in the Behrot area of Thanna Mandi.

• April 5: Notification issued on the regular trial of the four JeM cadres, accused in the abduction cum murder case of US journalist Daniel Pearl. The trial would commence inside the Central Prison in Karachi.

• March 25: Maulana Masood Azhar, chief of the proscribed JeM, shifted to his residence in Kausar Colony, Bahawalpur, from the Mianwali Jail.

• March 24: Security forces arrest a six-member group of JeM terrorists from the Kunzar area of Tangmarg.

• March 17: Foreign Minister Abdus Sattar says in Lahore that JeM terrorist Omar Sheikh will be interrogated in Pakistan.

• March 14: US Attorney General John Ashcroft is quoted as announcing the indictment of British-born JeM terrorist Omar Sheikh

• March 14: Adnan alias Sunny, a JeM cadre and self-claimed killer of Pearl, is arrested in Lahore,. He appears at a local Urdu daily's office and claims he had slain Pearl.

• March 10: Three JeM terrorists, including a hardcore terrorist, Zubair Afghani, killed in an encounter in the Naika Majari forests, Gursai area, Mendhar.

• March 7: Reports indicate that US law enforcement officials are seeking the extradition of several other suspects, besides JeM terrorist Ahmed Omar Sheikh, who have been linked to the 1999-hijacking of an Indian air craft, IC-814.

• March 5: The constitutional petition filed by Sadia Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, wife of JeM terrorist Omar Sheikh, prime suspect in Pearl case, seeking a restraining order against his extradition, is disposed-of by a division bench of the Sindh High Court.

• February 22: Two Pakistani mercenaries of the JeM killed in an encounter at Hardu Bani in the Baramulla district.

• February 18: Two foreign mercenaries of the JeM killed in an encounter at Rajara in Poonch district. Separately, two Pakistani JeM mercenaries, including a ‘district commander’, killed in an encounter at Matti-Gawran in the Anantnag district.

• February 12: Sheikh Ahmed Omar Saeed, front ranking terrorist of the JeM and prime suspect in Pearl's abduction case arrested in Lahore.

• February 5: Police in Karachi arrest three cadres of the proscribed JeM in the US journalist Daniel Pearl abduction case.

• February 4: The JeM, in a statement, says it would confine its activities to J&K and suspend its terrorist attacks in other parts of India. It further says it would also revive suicide attacks to target security force establishments and vital installations in J&K.  

• January 28: Three JeM terrorists killed in an encounter in Poonch district.

• January 12: JeM among five terrorist outfits proscribed, announces President Pervez Musharraf during a televised address to the nation.

• January 12: Two JeM terrorists killed in an encounter at Matti-Gawran in Kokernag.

• January 11: Maulana Masood Azhar, JeM chief, detained for three months under the provisions of the Maintenance of Public Order (MPO) Ordinance in Pakistan for making provocative speeches against government policies.

• January 7: Seven JeM terrorists, including a ‘district commander’, killed in an encounter at Golad, Poonch district.

• January 4: Two Pakistani mercenaries of the JeM killed in an encounter at Kalaban, Poonch.

• January 2: JeM says it is shifting its offices to Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) to escape a crackdown by Pakistani authorities. JeM leader Mohammed Abdullah says the outfit’s leaders would infiltrate into J&K, despite heavy Indian security.

2001

• December 29 – Masood Azhar and 29 other outfit members arrested by security forces from Bhawalpur. A day later, he was remanded to police custody for three months and shifted to Mianwali jail in Lahore.

• December 26 – Masood Azhar briefly detained for four hours at Hyderabad by police while on his way to Bhawalpur. He was leaving Karachi after the outfit was declared a Foreign Terrorist Organisation by US.

• December 21 – Suspected JeM terrorists kill three women and injure a fourth in Poshkreeri, Anantnag district.

• December 20 – In a statement, Mohammed Afzal, arrested for involvement in the attack on India’s Parliament, said that he had harboured and aided the terrorists responsible for the attack under the guidance of Ghazi Baba, JeM’s chief commander for J&K.

• December 19 – Masood Azhar, speaking in Bhawalpur, Pakistan, denies that his outfit was responsible for the attack on India’s Parliament.

• December 14 – India’s External Affairs Minister holds JeM along with LeT responsible for attack on Parliament.

• December 13 – Five terrorists, later identified as Pakistani JeM mercenaries, attack India’s Parliament in New Delhi. Eight security force personnel, a parliament staff member and the five mercenaries are killed.

• October 1 – Four terrorists, later identified as Pakistani JeM mercenaries, attack the J&K Legislature Complex in Srinagar. 10 SF personnel and the four mercenaries among 32 killed in the attack. While the JeM claimed responsibility for the attack on the same day, it withdrew the claim two days later.

• August 26 – Qutub Din, an Afghan termed as a top 'commander' of the organisation, killed along with two bodyguards at Khangar Hills, Poonch.

• June 5 - 11 JeM terrorists, killed in separate operations in Poonch.

2000

• April 19 – A Jaish terrorist perpetrates the State’s first human bomb attack outside the Army headquarters in Srinagar. There were, however, no casualties except for the human bomb.

• January 31 – The organisation is launched in Karachi by Maulana Masood Azhar

• December 31 – Maulana Masood Azhar and two other terrorists, are flown to Kandhar, Afghanistan and released in exchange for the hijacked IC 814 and its passengers.